Solids and Crystals
What makes a solid become a liquid?
Melting point
According to Kinetic Theory, do the particles that make up our matter ever stop moving?
They are in constant motion.
What is the name of the device used to measure atmospheric pressure?
Barometer
What do we call substances that have the ability to flow?
Fluids
We refer to the conversion of a liquid to a gas as...
Vaporization
In a crystal, there is always an absolute smallest group of particles that still has the geometric shape of the crystal. What is this called?
Unit Cell
There is large range of kinetic energies that a particle can have. Where do the majority of particles lie on this range?
Most particles have an energy that lies in the middle of this range.
If a certain space exists without particles and without pressure, what is it called?
A Vacuum
The particles in a gas have no attraction to one another. Are liquids the same?
No, the particles in a liquid have attraction to one another.
When the conversion of a liquid to a gas takes place, but the liquid is NOT boiling, what is the process called?
Evaporation
Do the melting points of ionic solids tend to be lower, or higher?
Ionic solids tend to have higher melting points.
When the kinetic energy in a substance increases, what happens to the temperature?
As kinetic energy increases, temperature increases as well.
As elevation increases, what happens to the density of Earth's atmosphere?
Atmospheric pressure will decrease as you go up.
What effect does increasing the pressure on a liquid have on its volume?
None.
What term do we use when measuring the force exerted by a gas above a liquid?
What defines an amorphous solid?
It will have no ordered internal structure.
What paths do the particles in a gas tend to take when moving?
The particles in a gas will move in a straight-line path, unless disturbed.
The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa). Does this represent an average, small, or large amount of pressure?
The Pascal represents a very small amount of pressure.
We refer to liquids as having _________ volume because the particles that make them up stay close to each other.
Definitive Volume
Does evaporation involve temperature? If so, does it cool or heat?
Evaporation does include temperature, and is regarded as a cooling process.
Allotropes are multiple molecular forms of the same element that are in the same physical state. Do allotropes have similar or different properties?
Allotropes have different properties because their structures are different.
When an elastic collision occurs, what effect does it have on the overall kinetic energy?
None, the kinetic energy remains constant.
1 atm = 101.3 kPa = ____ mm Hg
760 mm Hg
How do the particles in a liquid determine its physical properties?
Their interplay, their attractions; relationships to one another.
When a system maintains a stable vapor pressure, they remain in equilibrium. What two factors allow the system to maintain its equilibrium?
Evaporation and Condensation. The two must equal each other to maintain equilibrium.