Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Which state of matter is rarely found on earth?
Plasma
What is temperature?
It is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
These two things are always conserved when matter changes state
Matter and energy
This lowers when there is more volume and increases when there is less volume
Pressure
What is a state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape?
A liquid
Describe a solid.
A solid has definite shape and volume. Particles tightly packed. Strong attractive forces. Particles vibrate in place.
What state of matter has the most kinetic energy?
Gas.
The two types of vaporization.
Evaporation and boiling
This happens to a gas’s volume when the temperature increases
The volume increases
What is vapor?
The gas state of a substance normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
In what ways can you describe matter?
The state, the color, the texture and the odor.
At what point does a solid become a liquid?
The melting point.
The opposite of vaporization.
Condensation
This is an explanation of how particles in matter behave
The Kinetic molecular theory
What is the measurement of a liquids resistance to flow?
Viscosity.
How does the arrangement of particles in a solid affect it.
The different arrangement of the particles give the solid different properties such as being brittle or hard.
Define kinetic energy and Thermal energy in your own words.
Kinetic energy, The energy of an object has due to its motion. Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energies of an object.
When thermal energy is added to water, this happens to its molecules?
They move faster and further apart
These are the three main factors that affect a gasses behavior
Pressure, volume, and temperature
This states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant
Charles’s Law
How does surface tension work?
When molecules in a liquid below the surface are surrounded by and attracted on all sides by the surrounding molecules, but the molecules on the surface have only the molecules below pulling on them resulting in a greater downward force on the surface, so the liquid spreads out accordingly.
Define the process that a solid undergoes to form a liquid?
(Solid) At first temperature starts to increase “particles speed up” and the potential energy increases slightly “particles don’t move apart as much”, then after a certain point (The Melting Point) the temperature starts to become constant “particles stay at the same speed” and the potential energy starts to increase “particles move apart” this is a (Liquid).
This is when a solid changes to a gas without going through the liquid state.
Sublimation
This is what Boyle’s Law states
Pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases, when the temperature is constant
This is when a gas changes to a solid without going through the liquid state
Deposition