Behavior & Changes of Liquids
What is a liquid?
Matter with a definite volume but no definite shape.
What is a solid?
Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.
What is temperature?
What is a gas?
Matter that has no definite shape or volume.
What was the example of viscosity in the textbook?
Honey, which has viscosity because of how thick it is.
A measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow.
What does melting do?
It changes matter from a solid into a liquid by increasing the thermal energy and temperature of an object. When the melting point is reached, temperature stops increasing.
What is thermal energy?
The total potential and kinetic energy of an object.
What is vapor?
What was the example of surface tension used in the textbook?
The spider walking across water because of the surface tension.
What is surface tension?
The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
What is freezing?
It is the opposite of melting. When matter hits a temperature that changes its state from a solid to a liquid, that is its freezing point.
What is sublimation?
The change of state from a solid to a gas WITHOUT going through the liquid state. (Opposite of deposition.)
What is pressure?
The amount of force applied per unit of area, like gas in a cylinder.
What are the two forms of vaporization?
Boiling and evaporation.
What is the change in state of a liquid into a gas?
Vaporization
Where can the particles that make up a solid vibrate?
Only in place, since there are strong forces among them.
What substance is the only one that exists naturally as a solid?
Water
What is the kinetic molecular theory and what are some of its ideas?
An explanation of how particles in matter behave. Some ideas are that small particles make up all matter, these particles are in constant motion, and they collide with each other, other objects, and the walls of their containers.
What is an example of deposition?
Frost, when you wake up in the winter time, or even autumn, and there is frost on the grass. That is when water vapor loses thermal energy, and it becomes frost.
How do evaporation, condensation, and boiling relate?
Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid. Evaporation and boiling are the opposite of condensation.
How are two types of solids (a diamond and a charcoal) different?
Diamonds have particles arranged in a specific, repeating order. Charcoal is an amorphous solid, meaning it has particles arranged randomly. These different particle arrangements give the materials different properties.
When solids melt, they add thermal energy, and when liquids vaporize, they add thermal energy.
When liquids freeze, they remove thermal energy. When gases condensate, they also remove thermal energy.
Where could we possibly see Boyle’s Law in action, according to the textbook?
When you travel in an airplane, air pressure inside your middle ear doesn’t decrease. The trapped air in your middle ear does not decrease.
What is the difference between Boyle‘s Law and Charles’s Law?
Boyle’s Law states that pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases, when temperature is constant.
Charles’s Law states the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant.