States 1
Matter with a definite shape and volume.
Solid
The gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
Vapor
When a solid changes to a liquid.
Melting point
A measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
Temperature
The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
Vaporization
Matter with no definite shape but definite volume.
Liquid
The energy an object has due to its motion.
Kinetic energy
Stored energy due to interactions between particles or objects.
Potential energy
The total potential and kinetic energies of an object
Thermal energy
The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
Matter with no definite shape and no definite volume.
Gas
Give an example of an exothermic reaction.
Fireworks, anything burning, iron rusting
Give an example of an endothermic reaction.
Photosynthesis, melting, cooking
Which state of matter has the least amount of kinetic energy?
Solid
Which state of matter has the most amount of potential energy?
Gas
Describe the particle forces and motion in a solid.
The particle forces are strong and the particles only vibrate in place.
What causes the particle forces in matter?
The attraction between the positive protons and negative electrons.
What has to change in order for matter to change states?
Thermal energy must increase or decrease.
How did adding calcium chloride to room temperature water change its temperature and what type of reaction is this?
It increased the temperature because it was an exothermic reaction.
Describe the difference between boiling and evaporation.
Boiling is vaporization within a liquid and evaporation is vaporization at the surface of a liquid.
Give the definition of an exothermic reaction.
Chemical reaction in which energy is released in the form of light or heat.
Give the definition of an endothermic reaction.
Chemical reactions where the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products.
What is temperature the measure of?
The average KE of all the particles in an object.
What is thermal energy?
The total PE and KE of an object.
Why did the bubble expand from the bottle when it was placed in hot water. Be sure to describe KE, PE, and thermal energy.
The bubble expanded because thermal energy, the total amount of KE and PE, was added to the air molecules inside the bottle. This caused the molecules to move faster because KE, the motion of particles, was increased. It also caused the molecules to move farther apart since the PE, stored energy, was also increased.