States of Matter
What is the state of matter with a definite shape and volume?
Solid
What happens to a solution when it becomes saturated?
No more can dissolve, and excess solute is seen at the bottom.
What happens to molecules in a solid when they gain heat?
They vibrate and break up, and become a liquid.
What is the process of a solid turning into a liquid?
Melting
What is the process of a liquid turning into a gas?
Gas
What state of matter has no definite shape but has a definite volume?
Liquid
How does temperature affect saturation?
Increasing temperature increases saturation point.
How do molecules behave in a gas compared to a liquid?
In a gas, molecules move freely and are far apart, while in a liquid, they are closer together and slide past each other.
What is the freezing point of water?
32°F
What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
212°F
What is the state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor volume?
Gas
What do we call the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature?
Saturation point.
What is the term for the process when molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration?
Diffusion
What is the term for the temperature at which a substance melts?
Melting Point
What happens to the boiling point of water at higher altitudes?
Decreases
What is the term for a change from solid to liquid?
Melting or fusion
What is the term for a solution that contains less solute than it can hold?
unsaturated solution
How does the molecular arrangement differ between solids and liquids?
Solids have a fixed arrangement and vibrate in place, while liquids have a less ordered arrangement and can flow.
What happens to the temperature during melting?
Temperature increases
What is the term for the temperature at which a substance boils?
Boiling Point
When water boils, what happens to the water?
It evaporates and changes to a gas.
What is the process of adding more solute to a saturated solution called?
Supersaturation
What is the molecular change during evaporation?
Molecules gain enough energy to break free from the surface of a liquid and enter the gas phase.
What is the relationship between melting and freezing points?
They occur at the same temperature; the melting point is the freezing point of the substance.
How does pressure affect boiling points?
Increasing pressure raises the boiling point, while decreasing pressure lowers it.