Too Easy
A specific mass of this state of matter has a fixed volume at room temperature, but takes the shape of its container.
What is a liquid?
According to kinetic particle theory, this is the specific type of motion displayed by particles in a solid.
What is vibrating about fixed positions?
According to kinetic particle theory, a liquid has a fixed volume at room temperature and takes the shape of its container because its particles do this.
What is touching each other but able to move past one another?
This process is defined as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
Unlike a pure substance which melts sharply at a single fixed temperature, an impure sample exhibits this key difference on a heating curve.
What is melting over a range of temperatures (or lower melting point)?
This term describes the net movement of particles down a concentration gradient from higher to lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
This is the physical process that occurs when a solid turns directly into a gas without forming a liquid first.
What is sublimation?
When spilled bleach on a kitchen floor disappears and its smell spreads throughout the room, these two physical processes have taken place.
What are evaporation and diffusion?
According to kinetic particle theory, the pressure exerted by a gas inside a closed container is caused by gas molecules doing this.
What is colliding with (or hitting) the walls of the container?
When HCl, O2 , Ne, and NH3 diffuse at the same temperature, this is their correct order from slowest to fastest rate of diffusion.
What is HCl → O2 → Ne → NH3 ?
In this state of matter, particles are closely packed together in regular rows and vibrate about fixed positions.
What is a solid?
In terms of kinetic particle theory, these two terms describe the separation and arrangement of particles in a solid.
What are closely packed (touching) and arranged in a regular pattern (neat rows)?
This is the specific name given to the physical change of state when a gas is cooled and turns into a liquid.
What is condensation?
When gas temperature inside a sealed container rises, pressure increases because molecules gain kinetic energy and hit container walls with greater force and higher rate of this.
What are collisions (or frequency of collisions)?
When a beaker of hydrogen gas is placed over a porous pot of air, the liquid level rises in the outer attached tube because of this diffusion imbalance.
What is hydrogen diffuses into the pot faster than air diffuses out?
When liquid water boils at 100 °C to form steam, the resulting gas molecules move quickly in this type of direction.
What are random directions?
During the melting plateau of a heating curve, the temperature of a pure solid remains constant because thermal energy is used for this purpose.
What is overcoming the attractive forces between the particles?
When a coloured soluble crystal is placed at the bottom of a beaker of water, the colour slowly spreads throughout the water due to these two processes
What are dissolving and diffusion?
Between nitrogen (N2 ) and chlorine (Cl2 ) gas at the same temperature, nitrogen diffuses faster because its molecules have a smaller value for this physical property.
What is relative molecular mass (Mr )?
During a phase change plateau on a heating curve, temperature remains constant because heat is used for this specific purpose rather than raising temperature.
What is overcoming the attractive forces between particles?
As the temperature of air inside a balloon increases, this specific physical change happens to the volume of the balloon
What is it increases (expands)?
When colourless ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas meet and react in a glass tube, this white solid compound is formed.
What is ammonium chloride (NH4 Cl)?
Boiling occurs throughout the entire liquid at a fixed boiling point, whereas evaporation differs because it occurs only at this part of the liquid.
What is the surface?
Concentrated ammonia (NH3 ) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) diffuse toward each other, forming a white ring closer to the HCl end because NH3 molecules are lighter and travel at this relative speed.
What is faster?
When air at 1000 °C passes through a porous barrier to separate helium, high temperature provides this advantage to the diffusion process.
What is increasing particle speed / kinetic energy?