Parts of a Wildfire
the fastest spreading, leading edge of the fire.
Head
What are the 3 main factors affecting fire behavior?
Fuel, Weather, Topography
What are the 4 tactical considerations of Wildland Firefighting?
Ranking fires, Size up, Methods of Attack, Mop-up the fire
What are the 2 methods of attack for wildland firefighting?
Direct (offensive) and Indirect (defensive)
Staflo (weeping) - 38mm, 30m
Spec 187 - 38mm, 7.5 and 15m lengths
Econoflow - 15mm, 15m
The unburned area surrounding the fire.
Green
What are the 3 main types of Wildland fuels available to burn?
Ground Fuels (twigs, leaves, needles
Surface Fuels (Grass, weeds, brush)
Crown Fuels (Branches, Trees, Snags)
What does LACES stand for?
Lookout, Anchor point, Communications, Escape routes, Safety zones
What are the 3 direct attack strategies?
Flank attack, Frontal attack, Mobile attack (pump and roll)
The 4 handtools EFRS carries to fight wildland fires.
Fire spade, Fire rake, Fire swatter, Pulaski
The boundaries of the fire.
perimeter
What are the 4 changeable weather factors that influence wildland fire behavior?
Wind, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Precipitation
What are the 3 methods of gathering information for wildfires?
Size up on route, Size up on arrival, Report on conditions.
The two actions that compose Mop-up operations.
Burning the excess fuel that is not burnt
Removing the fuel so it cannot burn
Components of wildland ppe that EFRS uses.
Nomex coveralls
Structural FF boots
Flash hood
wildland helmet, gloves
safety glasses
Fires outside of the main fire, caused by wind carried sparks or embers.
Spot fire
What does 30/30 cross over mean, and how does it affect fire behavior?
A situation in which a relative humidity less than 30% and a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius or above causes extreme fire behavior.
What are the 3 R's of wildland firefighting?
Retreat, Regroup, and Re-assess
what are the two types of foam EFRS uses, and what one is used for wildland operations?
NIAGARA A-B Foam (structural)
Cold Fire Foam (wildland)
The water capacity of the "Mule" and the type of pump it carries.
250L
Mini Striker
Unburned areas inside the fire area.
Islands
what are the 6 components of the fire weather index rating system?
Initial spread index (ISI), Fine fuel moisture code (FFMC), Duff moisture code (DMC), Drought code (DC), Build up index (BUI), Fire weather index (FWI)
What are the six different ranks of fires?
Rank 1: smouldering ground
Rank 2: Low vigor surface fire
Rank 3: Moderately vigorous surface fire
Rank 4: Highly vigorous surface fire
Rank 5: Extremely Vigorous surface fire
Rank 6: Blow up or conflagration
List the class A Fire foam percentages and applications. (4)
0.1% - deep seated fire in furniture, smouldering ground fires, heavy duff layers where penetration is required.
0.1-.05% - wildland/grass fires
0.5% - structural firefighting with attached fog nozzles, wildland surface fire using foam nozzle
1.0% - protecting structural exposures, forming barriers during wildland operations
What is the water capacity, discharge rate, discharge distance, and classification of a Pisspack?
20L, 60-120s, 3-9m, 4A