Vocabulary
Statistical Concepts
Classifying Data Types
Study Design
Bias
Probability
Sampling
Interpreting Graphs
100
A subset of the population is known as a _______________
A) Sample
B) Census
C) Simulation
A) Sample
100
Is the following a mathematical model or a statistical model:
Using a car's mileage to predict it's fuel efficiency.
Statistical model
100
Qualitative or Quantitative
Wait times for rides at Disney World
Quantitative
100
A study that manipulates the independent variable in order to test its effect on the dependent (outcome) variable is known as a:
a. Observational Study
b. Biased Study
c. Experimental Study
d. Simulation Study
C. Experimental Study
100
Bias that arises when individuals do not respond to your survey invitation or ignore the invitation to join your study is known as: ____________ bias
Non-response
100
What is the probability that you flip a coin and land on heads?
Pr (Heads) = 0.5
100
True or False?
When you sample something or someone without putting them back into the sampling frame. This is known as sampling without replacement.
True
100
In a survey of 145 people, respondents were asked "What type of fruit is the nicest fruit?" Their responses are presented below. What type of graph is this?
Bar graph
200
A type of quantitative data where the zero is inherent.
Ratio Data
200
Using the radius of a circle to calculate the circle's area with the formula:
Area=pi*r^2
Mathematical Model
200
Qualitative or Quantitative
Shirt Size
Qualitative
200
Data that have already been collected by someone else and used in another study is known as a:
A) Retrospective Study
B) Secondary Data
C) Observational Data
B) Secondary Data
200
Bias that arises due to issues in the measurement or data or the wording of questions is known as:
A) non-response bias
B) convenience sample bias
C) response bias
D) under coverage bias
C) response bias
200
Pfizer is comparing two new chemotherapy drugs. In a clinical trial of 170 people, the drug company is looking at the side effect profile of each drug. Use the table below to answer the questions.
What is the probability that a randomly selected patient received drug B and had vomiting?
Pr (Drug B and vomiting) = 15/170 = 0.088
200
What type of sample is this?
Systematic Sample
200
What are the two biggest sources of water use?
Toilets and Clothes Washers
300
A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected is known as a ___________ sample.
A) Cluster
B) Census
C) Random
C) Random
300
Descriptive or Inferential Statistic?
10% of students in this class will fail the midterm
Descriptive
300
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Area of a circle
Ratio
300
An experiment is conducted to determine the effect of different liquids on the growth of plants. 3 different liquids are tested, regular water, carbonated water and sweet tea. The height of the plants are recorded daily for 1 month.
What is the dependent variable?
Height of the plant
300
A study of all LOA students was conducted. Inadvertently, Kindergartners and 7th graders were left out of the sample. This is an example if _______bias.
Undercoverage bias
300
Pfizer is comparing two new chemotherapy drugs. In a clinical trial of 170 people, the drug company is looking at the side effect profile of each drug. Use the table below to answer the questions.
What is the probability that a randomly selected patient received drug A?
Pr (Drug A) = 85/170 = 0.5
300
What type of sample is this?
Stratified Sample
300
Midterm Test Scores from Dr. McCracken's Classes
Which class has more variability?
Class B
400
True or False- A type of statistic used to infer conclusions about a population is called a parameter.
False- Inferential statistics
400
Descriptive or Inferential Statistic?
There is a positive correlation between hours of sleep and job performance.
Inferential
400
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Year (e.g., 2006)
Interval
400
An experiment is conducted to determine the effect of different liquids on the growth of plants. 3 different liquids are tested, regular water, carbonated water and sweet tea. The height of the plants are recorded daily for 1 month.
What is the independent variable?
Type of liquid
400
CVS is interested in asking their customers about their overall shopping experience. They ask, how satisfied are you with your shopping experience at CVS today? The response choice include: satisfied and very satisfied. What type of bias will this study suffer from?
Response bias- leading or incorrect option choice answer.
400
Pfizer is comparing two new chemotherapy drugs. In a clinical trial of 170 people, the drug company is looking at the side effect profile of each drug. Use the table below to answer the questions.
What is the probability that a randomly selected patient had vomiting or fevers?
Pr (vomiting or fevers) = (35+25)/170 = 0.353
400
What type of sample is taken using people that are easy to gather or located in close proximity?
Convenience sample
400
Midterm Test Scores from Dr. McCracken's Classes
What is the IQR for class B?
87 - 73 = 14
500
Qualitative data that are categorized using names or labels that cannot be ordered in a meaningful way are known as ________________
Nominal Data
500
In a sample of 400 postal workers, 10% said they have been bitten by a dog while on the job. The value 10% is a ______________
A) inferential statistic
B) descriptive statistic
C) parameter
D) census
B) descriptive statistic
500
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Number of pairs of shoes you own
Ratio
500
Dr. McCracken is conducting a survey of students in all of her classes. She samples 40 (out of her 102) students and asks them to complete a survey.
What is the population?
All of Dr. McCracken's students
500
Which of following is not an example of bias:
A) Non-response bias
B) Volunteer bias
C) Treatment bias
D) Under coverage bias
C) Treatment bias
500
Pfizer is comparing two new chemotherapy drugs. In a clinical trial of 170 people, the drug company is looking at the side effect profile of each drug. Use the table below to answer the questions.
What is the probability that a randomly selected patient received drug A or had fevers?
Pr(Drug A or Fevers) = Pr(Drug A) + Pr (Fevers) - Pr(Drug A and Fevers) =
(85+ 25 - 10)/170 = 0.588
500
This sampling method is used when samples are naturally co-located. Like neighborhoods, classrooms, hospitals, etc. Instead of sampling individuals from a group, the entire group is selected
Cluster Sample
500
Midterm Test Scores from Dr. McCracken's Classes
How much higher is the 50th percentile for class B compared to class A?
80 - 77 = 3 points
600
A sampling method where the population is divided into at least two groups, then some members (but not all) are randomly selected from each group
Stratified sample
600
Among all LOA high school seniors, 95% are planning to attend college in the Fall.
95% is an example of a
A) Parameter
B) Inferential Statistics
C) Census statistic
D) Descriptive statistic
A) Parameter
600
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Types of Christmas Cookies
Nominal
600
Dr. McCracken is conducting a survey of students in all of her classes. She randomly samples 40 (out of her 102) students and asks them to complete a survey.
What is the Sample?
The random sample of 40 students.
600
Blinding is used to reduce what type of bias?
A) Non-response bias
B) Response Bias
C) Social Desirability
(Select all that apply)
B and C
600
Pfizer is comparing two new chemotherapy drugs. In a clinical trial of 170 people, the drug company is looking at the side effect profile of each drug. Use the table below to answer the questions.
What is the probability that you had no symptoms, given you were taking drug B.
Pr(No symptoms | Drug B) = 50 /85 = 0.588
600
A sampling method where a population is divided into at least two groups, then some members (but not all) are randomly selected from each group.
A stratified sample
600
Midterm Test Scores from Dr. McCracken's Classes
25% of class A score ______ or better
82
700
A type of study where a mathematical or physical model is used to reproduce the conditions of a situation or process is known as a
A) Mathematical Model
B) Simulation Study
C) Census Experiment
B) Simulation Study
700
A recent survey of active members of the armed services was conducted to evaluate abuse in the military. Among 2,500 members survey , 5% report that they have observed a superior officer engage a lower ranking officer in some type of abuse (physical, emotional or sexual).
What is the population in this study?
All active members of the armed services.
700
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Driver's License Number
Nominal
700
Dr. McCracken selects one of her 3 classes at random and records the brands of shoes that her students are wearing. What type of study is she conducting?
A) A Retrospective study
B) An Observational study
C) A Census Study
D) An Experimental Study
B) An Observational Study
700
When individuals are required to take extra steps to join a study or initiate a process (like calling a phone number), this can cause _______________ bias?
Volunteer
700
Pfizer is comparing two new chemotherapy drugs. In a clinical trial of 170 people, the drug company is looking at the side effect profile of each drug. Use the table below to answer the questions.
What is the probability a patient taking drug B experienced vomiting?
Pr(vomiting|Drug B) = 20/85 = 0.235
700
A company has 800 female employees and 200 male employees. You want to ensure that the sample reflects the gender balance of the company, so you sort the population into two groups based on gender. Then you use random sampling on each group, selecting 80 women and 20 men, which gives you a representative sample of 100 people.
What type of sampling technique was used?
Stratified Sampling
700
Midterm Test Scores from Dr. McCracken's Classes
The shape of these box plots is....
A) Skewed Right
B) Skewed Left
C) Symmetric
C) Symmetric - the median is in the middle of the 25th and 75th percentiles.
800
A numerical description calculated on a sample of data is called a __________
A) Inferential statistic
B) Descriptive statistic
C) Parameter statistic
B) Descriptive Statistic
800
A recent survey of active members of the armed services was conducted to evaluate abuse in the military. Among 2,500 members survey , 5% report that they have observed a superior officer engage a lower ranking officer in some type of abuse (physical, emotional or sexual).
What is the sample?
2,500 members of the armed services
800
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Shirt size
Ordinal
800
True or False- In an experimental study, the dependent variable is manipulated in order to determine its effect on the independent variable?
False
800
Random selection of individuals reduces which type of biases?
A) Non-response bias and volunteer bias
B) Volunteer bias and under-coverage bias
C) Volunteer bias and convenience sample bias
D) None of the above
C) Volunteer bias and convenience sample bias
800
A jar had a total of 20 marbles:
- 10 green
- 5 blue
- 5 red
Suppose you draw 3 marbles, without replacement. What is the probability that you draw: a green, followed by a blue, then a red
Pr (Green, Red, Blue) = (10/20) *(5/19)*(5/18) = 0.0365
800
All employees of the company are listed in alphabetical order. From the first 10 numbers, you randomly select a starting point: number 6. From number 6 onward, every 10th person on the list is selected (6, 16, 26, 36, and so on), and you end up with a sample of 100 people.
What type of sampling method is this?
Systematic Sample
800
How many trees were 250 cm or taller?
50 + 12 = 62