Sampling Distributions
This alphabet is commonly used to refer to characteristics of a population.
What is the Greek alphabet?
Every margin of error consists of multiplying these two things
What are the score and standard error?
This distribution is used to determine independence between categorical variables
What is the chi-squared distribution?
This is what explanatory variables are called, particularly with ANOVA
What are factors?
To find a p-value in the standard normal distribution, we implement this Excel command
What is NORM.S.DIST?
Standard deviations of populations are typically not known, so when needing standard deviations of sampling distributions, this is calculated instead.
What is the standard error?
Since there are infinitely many t-distributions, we use this to determine which one to use in a confidence interval or hypothesis test
What are degrees of freedom?
This equals (number of rows) * (number of columns)/n, calculated for each cell in a contingency table
What is the expected cell count?
The distributions used in an ANOVA hypothesis test
What are the F-distributions?
The hypotheses when testing the independence of two categorical variables
What are H_0: variables are independent and H_a: variables are dependent
This states "For random samples of sufficiently large size, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately normal."
What is the Central Limit Theorem?
Regardless of the hypothesis test, the test statistic is always found by subtracting this from the estimate of the parameter, divided by the standard error
What is the value from the null hypothesis?
When two variables are truly independent, this is the resulting value of the relative risk
What is one?
If you wanted to construct all the confidence intervals for the difference of means in an ANOVA test where H_0: mu_1=mu_2=mu_3=mu_4, this is how many you'd need to construct...have some paper handy!
What is 6?
When a sample size is too small for a hypothesis test for a mean, this technique is implemented--especially if you're an alpaca farmer
What is a permutation test?
The four distributions used as sampling distributions
What are the standard normal, t, F, and chi-squared distributions?
This is the probability that the test statistic takes on the calculated value or a more extreme value
What is the p-value?
The p-value for a chi-squared distribution is always in this direction
What is to the right?
The F-distribution required in an ANOVA test with N = 240 and 5 groups (there is one factor)
What is F_{4,235}?
What is narrows?
This formula finds the standard error of the sampling distribution of a sample proportion
What is sqrt(p-hat*(1-p-hat)/n)?
These are the two types of groups we are concerned with when comparing two groups
What are independent or dependent groups?
The degrees of freedom for a contingency table with one row and four columns
What is three?
What MS stands for in an ANOVA test
What is mean sum of squares?
When H_0: mu=100 and H_a: mu\=100 with the p-value = 0.043, this is the decision about whether 100 will be in the 95% confidence interval.
What is no?