Symbols and Distributions
This symbol identifies the sample variance.
What is s2?
This distribution is the normal distribution.
What is the z score distribution?
This is the mean of a z-score distribution.
What is 0?
If the absolute value of our obtained t is greater than the absolute value of our critical t.
What is "rejecting the null hypothesis in a t-test"?
This measure of effect size is used to estimate a range in which the population parameter is likely derived from the sample statistic.
What is a confidence interval?
This term is used to identify the standard deviation of the distribution of sample means.
What is the standard error?
The value of p when you reject the null hypothesis.
What is less than alpha?
Each person has an equal chance of being selected for the research study.
What is a random sample?
Degrees of freedom is directly related to this.
What is sample size?
This assumption of the t-test states that you should test people separately.
What is independence of observartions?
This is the standard deviation of a z-score distribution.
What is 1?
A large sample and a small standard deviation which produce this size of a standard error.
What is small?
A statement indicating that the independent variable had an effect.
What is the (nondirectional) alternative hypothesis?
The shape that a t distribution resembles as N increases.
What is the normal distribution?
This measure of effect size calculates the size of the effect in terms of standard deviation units.
What is Cohen’s d?
This symbol identifies the population standard deviation.
What is lowercase sigma?
The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is equal to the mean of this distribution.
What is the (null hypothesis) population distribution?
These rules cannot apply unless there is random sampling.
What are the rules of probability?
The approximate value of your obtained t statistic if there is NO effect of your treatment.
What is 0?
The type of error you may be making if you incorrectly reject the null hypothesis.
What is Type I error?
The natural discrepancy, or amount of error, between a sample statistic and its corresponding population parameter.
What is sampling error?
All the values the sample mean can take AND the probability of getting each mean value if sampling is random from the null hypothesis population.
What is the sampling distribution of the mean?
The direct, unchanged scores which are a direct result of measurement.
What are raw scores?
The place you can find all the values that a sample mean can take along with the probability of getting each value.
What are the sampling distribution tables?
This is what you can conclude about effect size from a significant statistical test.
What is nothing?