The probability value of a test statistic that would lead us to reject the null hypothesis.
What is p < .05?
100
Researchers rejected the null hypothesis, but subsequent studies cannot confirm the finding.
What is a Type I error?
100
The basic null hypothesis in a test of mean differences.
What is the means are equal in the population?
100
The cut-off scores in a standardized normal distribution such that 95% of the distribution falls between the two scores and 5% of the distribution falls beyond in either direction?
What is z = +/- 1.96?
100
The sum of squared deviations divided by N - 1.
What is the sample variance?
200
A finding that chi-square = 4.37, p < .05.
What is a finding that we would lead us to reject the null hypothesis?
200
This is low when beta is high.
What is the power (1 - beta) of a test?
200
The critical value when N = 20 and the IV is between subjects with two levels.
What is t = +/- 2.101?
200
The probability of getting 9 or 10 heads when a coin is flipped 10 times.
What is p(9) + p(10)?
200
In a group of participants, researchers find that as scores on one variable increase, there is a pronounced trend that scores on another variable decrease.
What is a negative correlation?
300
What we accept if we reject the null.
What is the alternative (research) hypothesis?
300
The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis.
What is the confidence (1 - alpha) of a test?
300
What the test statistic must exceed to reject the null that the means are equal when 27 individuals are assigned to an IV with 3 levels.
What is F = 3.40?
300
The probability of getting a score of 34 or greater in a normal distribution of scores with a mean = 30 and a variance = 9
What is p = .0918?
300
The sum of deviations in any distribution.
What is zero?
400
The distribution of test statistics (e.g., t, F, chi-square) if the null hypothesis is true and infinite samples are taken.
What is a sampling distribution?
400
Increase the sample size.
What would cause the power (1 - beta) of a test to increase?
400
The critical value when depression levels for 15 participants are measured prior to treatment and again after treatment.
What is t = +/- 2.145?
400
The 67th percentile rank in a set of scores that are normally distributed with a mean = 40 and SD = 4.
What is a score of 41.76?
400
On the post-test for this class, it is the average distance scores fall from the mean.
What is the standard deviation?
500
Researchers conclude it is unlikely that the test statistic occurred by chance alone.
What is rejection of the null hypothesis (or what do we conclude when p < .05)?
500
An unintended consequence of reducing the probability of making a Type I error (alpha).
What would reduce the power (1 - beta) of a test (or increase the probability of making a Type II error)?
500
The numerator for the test statistic when participants are randomly assigned to an experimental treatment or a control group and measured on a test using a ratio scale of measure.
What is the (mean of group 1) - (mean of group 2)?
500
The probability of getting 3 heads in 3 successive coin flips?
What is p(.5)*p(.5)*p(.5) = .025 or .5 raised to the 3rd power?
500
A z score.
What is a deviation score divided by the standard deviation? (z = (x - m)/s)