Basic Definitions
What do we call the information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses.
Raw Data
In a study examining the relationship between hours of study and exam scores, which variable would be considered the explanatory variable?
Hours of study
Customer satisfaction with a product: Qualitative or Quantitative?
Qualitative
Qualitative only. Categorized using names, labels, or qualities. What level of measurement is this?
Nominal Level of Measurement
A sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Simple Random Sample
Science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.
Statistics
In a scientific experiment where you are testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, which variable would be considered the response variable?
Plant growth
In a survey about music preferences, what type of data would 'favorite music genre' be classified as, qualitative or quantitative?
Qualitative
Qualitative or Quantitative. Categorized in order, or ranking but differences between data entries is not meaningful. What level of measurement is this?
Ordinal Level of Measurements
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio: Zip Codes
Nominal
The entire group or set of individuals, items, or data points that are the subject of a study or analysis.
Population
In a psychological study investigating the relationship between stress levels and sleep quality, which variable would be the response variable?
Sleep quality
Measuring the time it takes for a computer program to complete a task: Discrete or Continuous?
Continuous
Can be ordered and meaningful differences between data entries can be calculated. 0 represents position on scale, not an actual 0. What level of measurement is this?
Interval Level of Measurement
In a study, you decide to categorize your participants into groups based on their age (e.g., 18-30, 31-45, 46-60) and then select a random sample from each group. What type of sampling method does this describe?
Stratified Sample
A subset, or part, of a population.
Sample
In a study comparing the effect of exercise on heart rate, which variable would be considered the response variable?
Heart rate
Discrete or continuous: Can be counted like the number of wheels on a car.
Discrete
The same as Interval except 0 is an actual 0 and a measurement. What level of measurement is this?
Ratio Level of Measurements
If you decide to select every 10th customer who enters your store for a survey, what type of sampling method are you using?
Systematic sample
An official count of a population.
Census
In a market research study analyzing the impact of advertising spending on product sales, which variable would be the explanatory variable?
Advertising spending
Qualitative or Quantitative: The measurement of how fast a car was going.
Quantitative
What level of measurement is student college ID numbers?
Nominal Level of Measurements
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio: Street Numbers
Ordinal