Basics
What is statistics mainly used for in science?
To collect, analyze, and interpret data.
What type of study collects data from a sample of people using questionnaires?
Survey
What is a population in statistics?
The whole group you want to study.
What is an experimental study?
A study where variables are manipulated.
what is Cohort study?
Watching group of people over time
Name 3 fields where statistics is applied today.
Medicine, economics, engineering, etc.
What is one advantage of using surveys?
They can gather data from many people.
What is a sample?
A subset of the population.
Why is randomization important in experiments?
To reduce bias.
What is an observational study?
Observing without interfering.
Categories of Descriptive Statistics
Measure of central tendency( mean, median, mode)
Measure of variability
What’s the main difference between a survey and an experimental study?
Experiments involve manipulation.
Name one type of sampling technique.
Simple random sampling.
What is a control group?
A group not given the experimental treatment.
Name one example of an observational study.
Watching animal behavior in the wild.
Define descriptive statistics.
Describes the characteristics of data set
What kind of sampling ensures everyone has an equal chance of selection?
Random sampling.
What is sampling bias?
When the sample doesn’t represent the population.
What’s the purpose of replication in experiments?
To ensure results are consistent.
Are observational studies experimental or non-experimental?
Non-experimental.
What is inferential statistics used for?
Drawing conclusions about populations.
What is a major limitation of surveys?
They can be biased or inaccurate.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative is descriptive; quantitative is numerical.
Name one type of experimental design.
Randomized control trails
What is one weakness of observational studies?
They can’t establish cause-effect.