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100
The science of collecting, analyzing, presenting and interpreting data as well as making decisions based on such analyses.
What is Statistics?
100
A characteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements
What is a Variable?
100
A specific subject or object about which information is collected
What is an element/ member?
100
A collection of observations on one or more variables
What is a data set?
100
The value of a variable for an element
What is an observation/ measurement?
200
Consists of methods for organizing displaying, and describing data by using tables, graphs, and summary measures
What is descriptive statistics?
200
consists of methods that use sample results to help make decisions or predictions about a population.
What is Inferential statistics?
200
A variable that can be measured numerically
What is a quantitative variable?
200
A variable that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified into two or more non-numeric categories.
What is a qualitative variable?
200
The two types of quantitative variables
What are discrete and continuous variables?
300
A variable whose values are countable
What is a discrete variable?
300
A variable that can assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals
What is a continuous variable?
300
Data collected on different elements at the same point in time for the same period of time
What is cross-section data?
300
Data collected on the same elements for the same variable at different points in time or for different periods of time
What is time-series data?
300
A sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible
What is a representative sample?
400
A sample drawn in such a way that each member of the population has some chance of being selected in the sample.
What is a random sample?
400
The difference between the result obtained from a sample survey and the result that would have been obtained if the whole population had been included in the survey.
What is a sampling error?
400
The error that occurs because the sampling frame is not representative of the population
What is selection error/ bias?
400
The error that occurs because many of the people included in the sample do not respond to a survey.
What is nonresponse error/bias?
400
People included in the survey do not provide correct answers
What is response error/bias?
500
Occurs when a survey is not conducted on a randomly selected sample but on a questionairre published in a magazine or newspaper and people are invited to respond to that questionnaire.
What is voluntary response error/ bias?
500
Each sample of the same size has the same probability of being selected
What is simple random sampling?
500
First randomly select one member from the first k units of the lists of elements arranged based on a given characteristics where k is the number obtained by dividing the population size by the intended sample size. Then every kth member, starting with the first selected member, is included in the sample.
What is systematic random sampling?
500
First, divide the population into subpopulations, then one sample is selected from each subpopulation; the collection of all samples of all subpopulation gives sample
What is stratified random sampling?
500
Whole populations first divided into groups and those groups are representative of the population, then a random sample of groups is selected and finally a random sample of elements from each of the selected groups is selected
What is cluster sampling?
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