The average distance of observations from their mean
Standard Deviation
The average squared distance of the observations from their mean
Variance
Displays the counts or percents of categories in a categorical variable through differing heights of bars
Bargraph
Tells you what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values
Distribution
Displays a categorical variable using slices sized by the counts or percents for the categories
Pie Chart
When specific values of one variable tend to occur in common with specific values of another
Association
A measure of center, also called the average
Mean
A graphical display of quantitative data that involves splitting the individual values into two components
Stemplot
One of the simplest graphs to construct when dealing with a small set of quantitative data
Dotplot
Drawing consclusions beyond the data at hand
Inference
The shape of a distribution if one side of the graph is much longer than the other
Skewed
What we call a meassure that is relatively unaffected by extreme observations
Resistant
The objects described by a set of data
Individuals
The midpoint of a distribution of quantitative data
Median
A ____________ distribution describes the distribution of values of a categorical variable among individuals who have a specific value of antother variable.
Conditional
A variable that places an individual into one of several groups of categories
Categorical
A characteristic of an individual that can take different values for different individuals
Variable
When comparing two categorical variables, we can organize data in a
Two-way table
A graphical display of the five-number summary
Boxplot or Box and Whisker Plot
A graphical display of quantitative data that shows the frequency of values in intervals by using bars
Histogram
A variable that takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average
The shape of a distribution whose right and left sides are approximate mirror images of each other
Symmetric
These values lie one-quarter, one-half, and three-quarters of the way up the list of quantitative data.
Quartiles
A value that is at least 1.5 IQRs above the third quartile or below the first quartile
Outlier
Important discriptors used when exploring data:
SOCS
Shape, Outliers, Center & Spread