DATA and DISTRIBUTIONS
What 3 features must be mentioned when"describing and distribution"?
Shape, Center, and Spread (plus outliers)
This sampling method divides the population into groups and samples everyone in a few selected groups.
Cluster Sampling
This type of bias occurs when people give dishonest answers, often due to the wording of a question.
Response Bias
In a Binomial distribution, this letter represents the fixed number of trials.
n
In the equation ỳ = a +bx, what does b represent?
The Slope
Using the 1.5 IQR rule, how do you calculate the upper bound for outliers?
Q3 + 1.5(IQR)
A study where treatments are imposed to observe a response and establish causation.
Randomized Experiment
This is a list of every individual in the population from which a sample is actually drawn.
Sampling Frame
This "rule" states that np 10 and n(1 - p) ≥ 10 to use a normal approximation.
Large Counts Condition
This value, p?, tells you the% of variation in Y explained by the linear model with X.
Coefficient of Determination
If a distribution is heavily skewed to the right, which is typically larger: the Mean or the Median?
The Mean
The "baseline" group in an experiment that receives no treatment or a placebo.
Control Group
If you only sample people who are easy to reach, you are using this biased sampling method.
Convenience Sampling
In a Geometric setting, we are calculating the probability of the first success occurring on what?
The kth trial (first success)
This is the difference between an observed value and the value predicted by the regression line.
The Residual
A Z-score of -2.5 means the data point is located where?
2.5 standard deviations below the mean
This type of bias occurs when certain members of a population cannot be chosen for the sample.
Undercoverage
To reduce the effect of variation among subjects, researchers use this: the "blocking" of experiments.
Randomized Block Design
This is the formula for the Mean (Expected Value) of a Geometric random variable.
Population mean=1/p
If you switch the X and Y variables, which value remains unchanged: the slope or the correlation (r)?
Correlation (r)
What happens to the SD of a data set if you add 10 to every single value?
It stays the same
Matched Pairs Design
This occurs when a large portion of the invited sample chooses not to respond or participate.
Nonresponse Bias
How do yo calculate the SD of a Binomial distribution?
Population = V--------- (square root btw)
np(1-p)
This plot must show "no clear pattern" for a linea model to be considered appropriate.
Residual Plot