Gastrointestinal
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
Ability to remove sodium chloride from the body
Primary energy source for cells
What contributes to sludging of the blood?
Sickled cells' shorter life spans, leading to more cellular waste products in the bloodstream
What are the two chemicals released during an immune response to stimuli?
Histamines and leukotrienes
You are called to a restaraunt where a man is complaining of difficulty breathing. When you arrive, you find the patient cyanotic with urticaria along his throat. Approaching the man, you hear wheezing. What is the first condition you think of?
Anaphylaxis
Two enzymes secreted by the pancreas and their functions
Amylase - breaks down starches into sugar
Bicarbonate - neutralizes stomach acid in duodenum
Too much insulin?
Too little insulin?
Glucose bottoms out
Glucose raises
What are the four components of blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma
Major difference between stridor and wheezing
Wheezing is typically heard on expiration and stridor is typically heard on inspiration
You have been dispatched to an elderly home. The patient just recently had a hip replacement surgery and is complaining of difficulty breathing and chest pain. What condition would you expect?
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Solid Organs / Hollow Organs
S - Kidneys, liver, ovaries, pancreas, spleen
H - bladder, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, stomach
Alpha cells produce?
Beta cells produce?
Glucagon
Insulin
What causes a vasooclusive crisis?
The sharp and misshapen cells lead to dysfunction in oxygen binding and unintentional clot formation that may result in blockage
Five common allergens
Food, medication, plants, chemicals, insect stings/bites
You are dispatched to a gas station where police have detained a woman. She is very out of it when you try to talk to her and she keeps claiming she feels sick and she'll throw up. Her hands clutch her abdomen and when you manage to get a glucose reading, it is 425 mg/dL. What condition would you believe is occuring?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
In the instance of ileus, how does the stomach compensate?
Empties itself through emesis
Explain the difference between the two kinds of Diabetes mellitus
Type One - autoimmune disorder in which individual's immune system produces antibodies against pancreatic beta cells
Type Two - resistance to effects of insulin at the cellular level
Three common complications of hemophilia A
Long-term joint problems, bleeding in brain (intracerebral hemorrhage), thrombosis
When should epinephrine not be given?
In patients who do not exhibit signs of respiratory compromise or hypotension and do not meet the criteria for diagnosis of epinephrine
You are dispatched to a local apartment building. When you find your patient, he waves and you notice minor swelling in his fingers. He is complaining of severe generalized pain, and upon further questioning, he admits to having priapism. What condition do you suspect he has?
Sickle Cell Crisis
What is referred pain?
The nerves connecting the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system cause the stimulation of autonomic nerves to be perceived as stimulation of spinal sensory nerves
What causes HHNS?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome: In type two, hypergylcemia leads to state of dehydration due to discharge of fluids from all body systems and eventually out the kidneys, leading to much more ominous situation of fluid imbalance
The blood of a healthy individual will clot in as little as __ seconds after a paper cut and no longer than __ minutes following a serious injury that requires direct pressure.
13 seconds, 7 minutes
Write out the steps of administering an EpiPen
Remove safety cap, wipe thigh with antiseptic, place tip against lateral part of the thigh, push firmly until click is heard. Hold it in place (three or ten seconds) until all medication has been injected, rub area for ten seconds
You are dispatched to a home in the suburbs. The man is complaining of abdominal pain, specifically in his LLQ when asked to identify. He has added that he feels warm, nauseous, and he's thrown up a few times. When asked if he's had bleeding, he declines. What condition is he suffering from?
Diverticulitis