Stems 1
-afil
Class: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
Example: sildanafil, avanafil
Do: causes blood vessels to relax and widen, improving circulation and lowering BP
S/E: HA, flushing, upset stomach, vision changes (blue tint)
-cycline
Class: Tetracycline abx
Ex: doxycycline
Do: broad spectrum abx treats bacterial infections
S/E: N/V/D, loss of appetite, dizziness, photosensitivity; teeth-permanent gray/brown discoloration and reduced bone growth in children<8 or if taken in pregnancy
-dipine
Class: calcium channel blocker
Ex: amlodipine, nifedipine
Do: lower blood pressure
S/E: constipation, swelling arms/legs, bradycardia, fatigue, flushing; usually avoided in people with HF
-olol
Class: Beta blocker
Ex: propranolol, metoprolol
Do: treat HTN, heart failure, afib
S/E: cold hands/feet, dizziness, bradycardia, HA, fatigue
-zosin
Class: alpha blocker
Ex: doxazosin, terazosin
Do: treats HTN, enlarged prostate
S/E: low bp, dizziness, HA, fast/pounding heartbeat, weakness
-sone
-asone
Class: Corticosteroid
Ex: Fluticasone, Betamethasone, Cortisone
Do: mimic effects of cortisol, reduces inflammation by suppressing immune system, treats allergies, asthma
S/E: Increased appetite, wt gain, insomnia, mood swings, fluid retention; long term: osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, hypertension
-done
Class: Opioid analgesic
Ex: hydrocodone, oxycodone
Do: triggers release of endorphins & reduce perception of pain; short-term mod-severe
S/E: drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, N/V, R depression, dry mouth
-eprazole
Class: PPI
Ex: omeprazole
Do: tx acid reflux, GERD, stomach ulcers
S/E: abd pain, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, HA
-terol
Class: beta agonist, bronchodilator
Ex: albuterol, salmeterol
Do: relax muscles around airways treats asthma, COPD
S/E: nervous shaky feeling, hyperactivity, tachycardia
vir-, -vir
Class: antiviral
Ex: ribavirin, tenofovir, valacyclovir
Do: treats viral infections
S/E: HA, nausea, abd pain, kidney damage
-bital
Class: Barbiturate
Example: Phenobarbital
Do: treat ICP, seizures, neonatal withdrawal, insomnia, preoperative anxiety
S/E: drowsiness/dizziness/confusion, N/V, bradycardia, R depression, coma, seizures, halucinations, hypothermia, allergic reactions, liver injury
-dazole
Class: anthelmintic, abx
Ex: metronidazole, albendazole, mebendazole
Do: treats infections caused by bacteria or parasites
S/E: stomach cramps, N/V/D
-mide
Class: Diuretic
Ex: furosemide, torsemide
Do: increase urine production and sodium excretion
S/E: increased urination, decreased sodium, decreased potassium, dizziness, HA, muscle cramps, dehydration
-thiazide
Class: thiazide diuretic
Ex: hydrochlorothiazide
Do: treats HTN and edema by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule of nephron
S/E: dizziness, light headedness, blurred vision
-zolam
Class: benzodiazepine
Ex: alprazolam, midazolam
Do: nervous system depressants treat anxiety, stress, insomnia
S/E: drowsiness, dizziness, sleepiness, anterograde amnesia, cognition abilities long time use
-caine
Class: local anesthetic
Examples: lidocaine, prilocaine
Do: relieve pain, numb skin, treat arrhythmias
S/E: skin irritation, sensory: hot/cold/numb
-onide
Class: corticosteroid
Ex: budesonide, fluocinonide
Do: treat inflammatory diseases
S/E: mood changes, increased appetite, insomnia, stomach upset; long term high dose: osteoporosis, hypertension, cataracts/glaucoma, incr infection risk, skin thinning, adrenal suppression
-mycin
Class: Antibiotic
Ex: azithromycin, clindamycin
Do: slows/stops growth of bacteria
S/E: nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, skin reactions, liver damage
-tidine
Class: H2 receptor antagonist
Ex: cimetidine, famotidine
Do: treats GERD, heartburn, indigestion
S/E: abd pain, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth
-pril
Class: ACE Inhibitor
Ex: enalapril, lisinopril
Do: lowers blood pressure (inhibits angiotensin 2)
S/E: dry cough, hypotension, hypokalemia, kidney damage, angioedema
cef-, ceph-
Class: cephalosporin antibiotic
Examples: cefdinir, cephalexin
Do: tx gram positive and gram negative bacteria
S/E: GI-N/V/D abd pain; rash, itching, CDiff, anaphylaxis
-zosin
Class: alpha blocker
Ex: doxazosin,terazosin
Do: stops norepinephrine from tightening small vessels; increases blood flow, reduces bp
S/E: dizziness, light headedness, fatigue, HA, nasal congestion
-nazole
Class: Antifungal
Ex: Fluconazole, miconazole
Do: Treats fungal infections (athlete's foot, ringworm, thrush)
S/E: abd pain, N/V/D, HA, skin rashes, liver toxicity, kidney damage
-zodone
Class: antidepressant
Ex: nefazodone, trazodone
Do: treats depression
S/E: blurred vision, confusion, dizziness, light headedness, sweating, weakness
-sartan
Class: angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARBS)
Ex: losartan, valsartan
Do: treats HTN, HF, CKD, fatty liver disease, stroke; given after heart attack (blocks angiotensin II by blocking receptors, so cardiac vessels relax).
S/E: dizziness, fatigue, HA, swelling to face/tongue, increase potassium