Scientific Method
What is the first step when starting a STEM Fair investigation?
Identify a problem or ask a question
Testable or Not Testable?
Which paper towel absorbs the most water?
Testable
The one factor the investigator deliberately changes.
Independent variable
One complete test of an investigation.
Trial
To identify the sources actually used for research.
Bibliography
Hypothesis
Testable or Not Testable?
What is the best candy?
Not testable
The factor measured or observed in response to the change.
Dependent variable
Measurements and observations recorded during testing, before analysis
Data
Question, hypothesis, research, variables, procedures, materials, data, results, conclusions, pictures
Gathering reliable information about your topic before testing.
What two important qualities should a testable question have?
It should be specific and measurable.
or
One thing that changes and measured
A student tests three parachute sizes and measures falling time. What is the independent variable?
Parachute size
Why should scientists conduct repeated trials?
To check consistency, identify unusual results, and improve reliability.
Why should procedures be detailed and numbered?
So another person can understand and repeat the investigation.
To explain what the results mean using evidence
Conclusion
Change "Do plants like music?" into a testable question.
Answers may vary
In the same parachute experiment, what is the dependent variable?
The time it takes the parachute to fall
How do you calculated the mean (average) of three trial results?
Add the three measurements and divide by three
What is the difference between results and a conclusion?
Results describe what the data shows; the conclusion explains what those results mean and whether they support the hypothesis
Why is a logbook important?
It records dates, plans, procedures, observations, data, changes, and reflections throughout the investigation.
What does it mean for a STEM Fair investigation to be feasible?
It can realistically be completed with the available time, materials, equipment, and resources.
Why should controlled variables stay the same?
So the investigation is fair and differences in results can be attributed more confidently to the independent variable.
A parachute falls in 3, 4, and 5 seconds. What is the average falling time?
4
What should you do if your results do not support your hypothesis?
Report the results honestly and explain what the evidence shows. Do not change the data.
A student tests whether different amounts of sunlight affect plant growth. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and two controlled variables.
I: amount of sunlight
D: plant growth (height)
C: same plant species, soil, water, pot size, growing period