function
stems are responsible for the __________ and _______ of the plant
what are size and shape
what is the apical meristem
this kind of specialized stem has sharp points on it to deter animals from eating it
spine
the vascular tissue that moves water up from the roots
xylem
what do we call movement of materials through the xylem and phloem
translocation
stems support the _________ so they can capture _______________
what are leaves and sunlight
houses the apical meristem
terminal bud
this kind of specialized stem looks and acts like a leaf, it even performs photosynthesis like a leaf
cladophyll
the outtermost layer of the stem (the skin of the stem)
epidermis
water always follows the ________
salts
stems move these two things up and down the plant
what are water, products made from photosynthesis
hard protective coating on buds during the winter
bud scale
this specialized stem grows horizontally above ground and puts down roots whenever it touches the ground. example - strawberry
stolon
the vascular tissue that moves products made from photosynthesis from source to sink
phloem
specialized stems that have no leaves and can have one or many flowers at the end of a long stem
example - garlic
scape
green stems also have the ability to perform this task mainly carried out by leaves
the bud that is attached right above the leaf at the same node
lateral bud
very short flattened stem that has several fleshy leaves attached to it. found underground
example tulip
bulb
responsible for secondary growth, present in dicots but not monocots.
cambium
the area between where two leaves are attached on the stem
internode
specialized stems like tuers are capable of doing this, most other plants do this in the roots
what is storing food for the plant to consume later
you can tell how much a stem has grown in a year by looking for this mark left at the end of the growing season last year
bud scale scar
this kind of specialized stem grows horizontally underground and gets thick with stored food/
example - ginger
rhizome
wood at the center of the tree, darker, not used to conduct materials, just for tree strength
heartwood
what are 2 differences in internal structures of stems between dicots and monocots
dicots have pith, monocots don't
dicots have cambium, monocots don't
dicots vascular bundles are arranged in a ring fashion and monocots vascular bundles are scattered all over the stem in no pattern