Equations and formulas
End diastolic volume - end systolic volume
EDV-ESV
hint: cardio
what is SV = stroke volume?
beta hemolytic, catalase +, coagulase +, Protein A
colonized nares, ears, axilla, groin
skin infections, accesses, infective endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, Toxic shock syndrome
What is Staph aureus?
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles; alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
What is fatty liver disease?
MC primary cardiac tumor in adults; "ball valve" obstruction in left atrium (a/w syncopal episodes); IL-6 production; murmur and symptoms worse when upright, improve when supine
What is Cardiac myxoma?
continuous machine like heart murmur; a/w congenital rubella
What is PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)?
close with indomethacin; keep open w PGE
TP/(TP + FN)
hint: biostats
what is Sensitivity?
(highly sensitive tests rule OUT disease; screening test)
Narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis (steeple sign) on X-ray; kids; barking cough and inspiratory stridor
What is Croup (Acute laryngotracheobronchitis)?
parainfluenza virus - ssRNA linear, nonsegmented, enveloped
lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging; loss of haustra
What is ulcerative colitis?
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo), narrow pulse pressure, pulses pervus et tardus; common in older people
What is aortic stenosis?
boot shaped heart on CXR (due to RVH)
hint: a/w Digeorge syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
hint: renal - metabolic acidosis
What is anion gap?
multiple ring enhancing brain lesion on MRI/CT in AIDs patient
What is toxoplasma gondii?
apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray; left sided
What is colorectal cancer?
Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing; paradoxical splitting of S2; pulsing nail bed
sinus inverts (heart on right side of body) - impaired migration and orientation; AR; defect in dynein;
What is Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia?
infertility, recurrent ear/respiratory infections, hearing loss
screening test: decreased nasal NO
Cx=(UxV)/Px
hint: renal
what is renal clearance?
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons (Negri bodies); painful pharyngeal spasms; animal exposure; retrograde travel to neurons
What is Rabies virus?
migratory thrombophlebitis (leading to DVTs and vasculitis)
hint: Trousseau syndrome
What is pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
chest pain with ST depressions on ECG; + troponins
Hint: dont just say MI
What is NSTEMI?
Prominent occult, rocker-bottom feet, intellectual disability, clenched fist with overlapping fingers, low set ears, micrognathia, VSD, omphalocele; low B-hCG and PAPP-A on first trimester screening
What is Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)?
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PaCO2/RQ)
hint: pulmonary; Q = cardiac output;
what is Alveolar gas equation?
calculates A-a gradient (normal - muscle weakness, chest wall abnormalities, obesity; abnormal - most lung dx, radiation induced lung injury, ARDS, etc)
MC cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients; rapidly progressive, necrotic cutaneous lesion; rash after hot tub use
What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
aerobic, catalase +, Gram negative rod; oxidase +; grape like odor
AMAs - anti-mitochondrial antibodies
hint: female, cholestasis, portal HTN
What is primary biliary cholangitis?
Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria; AD disorder
What is Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)?
severe jaundice in neonate; unconjugated bilirubinemia
What is Crigler-Najjar syndrome?