Masters of Suspicion (Nietzsche, Marx, Freud)
Structuralism
Virtue Ethics/Natural Law
Utilitarianism/Deontology
Meta Ethics
100
The idea that we might live this life in its very form infinitely
What is the eternal recurrence of the same
100
The combination of a signified and a signifier
What is a sign
100
literally: being man-like. Commonly used in terms of a good personal characteristic
What is virtue
100
The greatest good for the greatest number
What is the principle of Utility
100
Protagoras's formulation of the idea that all morality is relative
What is "man is the measure"
200
The Ubermensch's reaction to the eternal recurrence
What is the Amor Fati
200
The side of the sign that deals with concepts
What is the signified
200
Aristotle's idea of ultimate happiness, which is complete self-actualization
What is eudaimonia
200
The means by which I can calculate what the greatest good for the greatest number is in a particular situation
What is the calculus of felicity
200
Hume's idea that morality and philosophy belong to two separate and non-intersecting language systems
What is Hume's fork
300
Marx's explanation of why people always do that which is in the best interest of those in power (even against their own will or self-interest)
What is false consciousness
300
Lacan's term for the pre-linguistic experience of the child
What is The Real
300
The 4th Primary Precept of Natural Law
What is living with others in community
300
that which makes a good will 'good'
What is duty
300
The idea that morality can be reduced to simply "I like this, and I don't like that"
What is Emotivism
400
Marx's explanation for why capitalism will ultimately self-destruct and lead to (true) revolution
What is alienation
400
a desire which is directly connected to another desire because of closeness
What is metonymical desire
400
Aquinas's idea that it can be praiseworthy to do a bad action if it is informed solely by a good intention
What is the principle of double effect
400
The idea that I must treat a person as an end in and of themselves, and never solely as a means
What is the second formulation of the categorical imperative
400
Kant's idea that you need to believe in certain metaphysical things (which can never be philosophically proven) in order to be moral
What are the postulates of pure practical reason
500
Freud's description of the human being
What is a sick animal
500
a desire for the other's things which is really a masked desire for recognition and love of the other
What is mimetic desire
500
The ultimate aim of human existence according Aquinas
What is the summum bonus
500
A moral judgment which does not require experience but is categorically true
What is an a priori synthetic judgment
500
Kant's postulate of practical reason which ensures that moral people are ultimately rewarded (since living a moral life basically ensures misery)
What is the immortality of the soul
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