The Mole Concepts
What is the Mole Concept and how is it used in chemistry?
An amount unit similar to familiar units like pair, dozen, gross. It provides a specific measure of the number of atoms or molecules in a bulk sample of matter.
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. (Has no fixed ratio)
Mixture
What is a limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?
The reactant that is consumed first and limits the amount of product(s) that can be obtained.
What would happen is you just breathed oxygen?
Death
What is the definition of a mole and how is it used to measure substances in chemistry?
a unit of measurement that is the amount of a pure substance containing the same number of chemical units (atoms, molecules etc).
Of the same kind (same state...)
Homogenous
How do you determine the limiting reactant in a given reaction?
Dividing the number of moles of each reactant by its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation
What is the solvent of air?
Nitrogen
How does Avogadro's constant relate to the concept of a mole?
One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units of that substance.
different; dissimilar (different state...)
Heterogenous
In what ways can excess reactants affect the outcome of a reaction?
Push the equilibrium in the direction of the product
What matters most about a solution?
The entropy of the solution compared to the pure solvent
How can you determine the number of atoms or molecules in a given amount of substance using Avogadro's number?
The number of atoms = the number of moles × Avogadro's number
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Elements
What statements are true about limiting reactant?
The limiting reactant in a reaction is the first reactant to be completely converted to products
What is the mass percent of sugar in soda?
9.2%
Can you explain how Avogadro's law relates volume,temperature, pressure, and number of particles at the molecular level?
two or more toms held together by covelent bonds
Molecule
Why are expensive reactants usually the limiting reagents in industrial chemical processes?
To avoid waste and minimize costs
How do gas molecules dissolve in each other?
Very easily