Stoics
What did the stoics believe regarding human freedom?
We are externally determined but internally free.
What is the good for humans, according to Epicureans?
Pleasure
Which dialogue of Plato's did we study?
The Republic
What is the soul, according to Aristotle?
The form or structure of a living thing.
What is the only Good, according to the Stoics?
Wisdom, as this is the only path to happiness.
What are the two categories of pleasure, according to Epicureans?
Static and Kinetic
What exists at the highest level of reality for Plato?
The Forms.
What is Aristotle's account of the relationship of the emotions to the body?
They are necessarily connected.
What is the Stoic maxim?
Live according to Nature!
What are the two kinds of pleasure and pain (locus)?
physical and mental
What are the three parts of the soul, according to Plato?
Reason, Appetite, Spirit
What is Aristotle's definition of an emotion?
"that which leads ones condition to be so transformed that his judgement is affected, and which is accompanied by pleasure and pain"
Are emotions voluntary, according to the Stoics?
The initial movement is not, but we voluntarily decide to act on it or not. This may require training and habituation.
What are the main causes of mental pain about the future?
fear of death and fear of gods
What is the name of the allegory that explain how we can ascend to knowledge?
Allegory of the Cave
What are the 4 types of soul?
Nutritive, Perceptive, Locomotive, Rational
What is happiness according to the stoics?
To calmly assent to one's role in the deterministic kosmos.
Who do the Epicureans think is harmed by death?
No one
What is our relationship to our emotions, according to Plato?
They must be controlled by reason and spirit to accomplish our goals and for society to function.
Explain the role of the mean, with reference to the emotions, in Aristotle's Ethics.
Various possibilities: flourishing requires the right disposition to our emotions so that we do not react too strongly or too little