DNA
This molecule carries genetic information in cells.
DNA
This organelle is the site of protein production in the cell.
ribosomes
This type of cell division produces gametes.
meiosis
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is called this.
homozygous
Uncontrolled cell division can lead to this disease.
cancer
The shape of the DNA molecule is called this.
double helix
This process copies DNA into mRNA.
transcription
This process increases genetic variation when chromosomes exchange segments.
crossing over
A Punnett square is used to predict this.
probability of offspring traits
Cells become specialized to perform specific functions through this process.
cell differentiation
A mutation changes a single base in a DNA sequence. This type of mutation is called this.
point mutation
If a ribosome reads the codon AUG, it will add this amino acid to the growing protein chain.
methionine (start codon)
A cell that has half the normal number of chromosomes is called this
haploid
A heterozygous tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The expected phenotype ratio is this.
2tall 2 short
A mutation in genes that control the cell cycle can cause cells to divide rapidly without stopping. This disruption leads to this condition.
tumor formation or cancer
DNA replication is important because it ensures this happens before cell division.
each new cell receives identical genetic information
A mutation changes a codon from UAU to UAA. This results in this type of mutation because the protein stops early.
nonsense mutation
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called this.
nondisjunction
Two heterozygous parents (Bb × Bb) produce offspring. The probability of a homozygous recessive offspring is this.
25%
Environmental factors like radiation or chemicals can damage DNA and disrupt the cell cycle. This increases the risk of this.
cancer development
During DNA replication, one strand serves as a template to build a new strand. What is the complementary strand to the following:
A T C G A T A
T A G C T A T
A mutation inserts one extra nucleotide into a DNA sequence. This shifts the reading frame of the codons and changes many amino acids. This mutation is called this.
frameshift mutation
A gamete receives two copies of a chromosome instead of one. After fertilization, the offspring has three copies of that 21st chromosome. This condition is called this.
trisomy (Down's syndrome)
Two carriers for a recessive genetic disorder have a child. What is the probability their child will show the disorder?
25%
Stem cells can become different types of cells depending on signals from their environment. This demonstrates that gene expression is influenced by this factor.
environment