A Nation of Newcomers
Clue: Famine, poverty, and political unrest are examples of these factors that drive people to leave their home country.
What are push factors?
The rapid growth of cities and the shift of population from rural areas to urban centers.
What is urbanization?
An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests, like wages and safety.
What is a labour union?
As Prime Minister from 1896 to 1911, he oversaw a period of great growth and declared that the 20th century would belong to Canada.
Who is Wilfrid Laurier?
The policy of a country extending its power and influence over other territories, often through colonization. It was a dominant global force at the turn of the 20th century.
What is imperialism?
As Minister of the Interior, this man launched an aggressive campaign with posters and pamphlets to attract immigrants from Britain, the U.S., and Eastern Europe to settle the Prairies.
Who is Clifford Sifton?
Inventions like the steel plow and mechanical reaper allowed fewer farmers to produce more food, contributing to both agricultural surplus and urbanization.
What is new farming technology?
A widespread practice in factories and mines where children as young as 10 worked long hours in dangerous conditions for very low pay.
What is child labour?
This political crisis revolved around a Manitoba law that eliminated public funding for Catholic and French-language schools, challenging minority rights.
What is the Manitoba Schools Question?
From 1899-1902, Canada sent volunteer soldiers to this conflict in South Africa, its first official dispatch of troops to an overseas war, sparking a major debate between English-Canadian imperialists and French-Canadian nationalists.
What is the Boer War?
This discriminatory tax was charged to every person of Chinese origin immigrating to Canada, reaching as high as $500 in 1903.
What is the Chinese Head Tax?
This process involved a shift from an economy based on agriculture to one based on mass-produced, manufactured goods in factories.
What is industrialization?
A tactic used by unions and their supporters where they refuse to buy, sell, or use the products of a company they are in a dispute with.
What is a boycott?
Passed in Ontario in 1891, this type of act, which soon spread to other provinces, made school attendance compulsory for children, a key step in ending child labour.
What was the Truancy Act?
This 1910 law created a small Canadian navy that could be placed under British command in times of war, a compromise that pleased neither ardent imperialists nor anti-imperialist nationalists.
What is the Naval Service Act?
As Minister of the Interior, this man launched an aggressive campaign with posters and pamphlets to attract immigrants from Britain, the U.S., and Eastern Europe to settle the Prairies.
Who is Clifford Sifton
The discovery of gold in the Yukon in 1896 sparked this massive migration of prospectors, leading to the creation of the Yukon Territory and the growth of Dawson City.
What is the Klondike Gold Rush?
Though it happened in 1919, this massive strike saw 30,000 workers in one Prairie city walk off the job, fueled by years of post-war inflation, unemployment, and the labour tensions of the Laurier era.
What was the Winnipeg General Strike?
This 1910 law gave the Canadian government the power to prohibit the landing of immigrants "belonging to any race deemed unsuited to the climate or requirements of Canada."
What is the Immigration Act of 1910?
Some Indigenous soldiers who fought for Canada in the Boer War were skilled scouts and trackers, but upon returning to Canada, they were still denied the right to vote and faced the same discrimination as before.
What was the role/treatment of Indigenous peoples in the Boer War?
In 1914, this steamship carrying 376 passengers, mostly Sikhs from British India, was denied entry at Vancouver and forced to return to India due to Canada's exclusionary immigration laws.
What is the Komagata Maru?
This social class emerged in the crowded city slums, living in tenements with poor sanitation and little access to healthcare, often working dangerous factory jobs for low wages.
Who were the urban poor?
This vision of Canadian society, often contrasted with the American "Melting Pot," suggests that immigrants should retain their unique cultural identities, creating a diverse whole.
What is the cultural mosaic?
This broad reform movement sought to use new ideas and government power to solve social problems like poverty, child labour, and political corruption that arose from industrialization and urbanization.
What is Progressivism?
In 1914, this steamship carrying 376 passengers, mostly Sikhs from British India, was denied entry at Vancouver and forced to return to India due to Canada's exclusionary immigration laws.
What is the Komagata Maru?