REFERRAL SCENARIO
A student is told several times to sit down and begin an assignment. The student refuses and continues talking to nearby students. The teacher eventually sends the student out and completes a referral.
Question:
Before writing the referral, identify a proactive STOIC/CHAMPS strategies the adult could have used.
What is...
Several students are talking while the teacher is giving directions.
Question:
What is the first proactive response?
What is...
Re-establish the structure.
Examples:
STOIC connection:
Structure → Teach → Observe → Interact Positively → Correct Fluently
Two students are pushing each other and laughing.
Question:
What should the adult do immediately?
What is...
Stop the behavior and separate the students.
Then determine:
Key lesson:
Intent does not eliminate safety concerns.
A student becomes angry and moves toward a staff member.
Question:
What is the adult's first responsibility?
What is...
Safety and de-escalation.
Two students begin arguing.
Question:
What is the adult's first move?
What is...
Interrupt the escalation.
A student is given a direction and responds:
“No. I'm not doing that, and rolled their eyes when they said it!”
Question:
What should the adult do next?
What is...
Do NOT:
Relational Capacity Connection:
The goal is compliance without damaging the relationship.
One student continually calls out, makes jokes, and gets classmates laughing.
Question:
What is the danger of repeatedly correcting the student publicly?
What is...
The adult may unintentionally provide the student with:
Instead:
Key principle:
Sometimes the behavior is being reinforced by the response to the behavior.
A student says:
“I was just playing!”
after pushing another student.
Question:
What question should the adult ask?
What is...
“Was everyone involved willing to participate?”
Then determine whether the behavior stopped when directed.
Key principle:
Horseplay requires mutual participation.
A student yells at a staff member:
“You can't tell me what to do!”
Question:
What should the adult NOT do?
What is...
Do not:
Better response:
Calmly state the expectation and allow appropriate processing time while maintaining safety.
Two students give completely different accounts of a conflict.
Question:
What should the adult investigate before determining what happened?
What is...
Identify:
Key principle:
Don't investigate a conflict by deciding the conclusion first.
A student has refused directions in the same class three times during the week. Each time, the teacher immediately writes a referral.
Question:
What responsibility shifts to the adult when a behavior becomes a recurring pattern?
What is...
The response should move beyond repeatedly documenting the same behavior.
The adult should examine:
Key principle:
Repeated referrals are data. They should trigger problem-solving, not simply more referrals.
A student puts their head down and refuses to participate.
Question:
Before labeling this “defiance,” what should the adult investigate?
What is...
Key lesson:
Behavior is information.
Two students begin joking around. One pushes the other. The second student pushes back. The situation escalates.
Question:
What proactive structure could have prevented this from becoming a physical incident?
What is...
Possible answers:
Key lesson:
Intervene at Level 1 instead of waiting for Level 5.
A student intentionally strikes, kicks, pushes, or otherwise makes physical contact with a staff member.
Question:
What are the adult's immediate responsibilities?
What is...
Key distinction:
Relational capacity does not mean tolerating unsafe behavior.
Student A hits Student B.
Student B then hits Student A.
Question:
What is the important distinction staff must make?
What is...
The adult must document and investigate each student's behavior separately.
Do not simply reduce the incident to:
“They were fighting.”
Determine:
Key lesson:
Sequence matters.
A student refuses to follow a direction. The teacher repeatedly tells the student, in front of the class:
“I already told you what to do.”
The student responds:
“And I said I'm not doing it!”
The exchange continues for several minutes.
Question:
Identify the point where the adult could have changed the trajectory of the incident. What should the adult have done?
What is...
The adult should have de-escalated rather than continued the public exchange.
Possible response:
“I'm not going to argue with you. The expectation is ____. You have a choice: ____ or ____. I'll give you a minute to decide.”
Then disengage when appropriate and follow the established procedure.
Adult responsibility:
Do not allow a student refusal to become an adult-student competition.
The teacher reports:
“They won't listen. The whole class is disruptive.”
Question:
What should the adult examine before identifying 20 individual behavior problems?
What is...
Solution:
The environment.
Ask:
Key principle:
Sometimes the discipline problem is actually a systems problem.
A staff member observes students repeatedly engaging in physical horseplay but allows it to continue because:
“They do this all the time.”
Eventually, one student is injured.
Question:
What is the adult responsibility when an unsafe behavior is observed?
What is...
Intervene.
Staff responsibility includes:
Big Idea:
“They always do that” is a reason to intervene earlier—not later.
The student has calmed down after physically confronting a staff member.
Question:
What is the adult's responsibility AFTER the incident?
What is...
When safe and appropriate:
Key principle:
Accountability and relationship repair are not opposites.
A student is involved in three peer conflicts in two weeks.
Question:
What should happen beyond writing the third referral?
What is...
The team should look for a pattern:
Big Idea:
Three referrals may represent three incidents, or one unresolved problem occurring three times.
A referral says:
“Student was disrespectful and refused to listen.”
Question:
What information is missing that would make this referral substantially more useful?
What is...
The referral should describe observable behavior, not simply conclusions.
Staff should be able to identify:
Key lesson:
“Disrespectful” is an interpretation. “Student said, ‘_____’ after being directed to _____” is evidence.
A teacher submits multiple referrals for the same classroom behavior over several days.
Question:
At $500, you don't simply ask, “How many referrals?” You ask what?
What is...
“What is the pattern telling us?”
Analyze:
Student → Behavior → Location → Time → Activity → Adult response → Outcome
Then determine whether the response needs:
Big Idea:
A referral is a data point, not a behavior-management plan.
A referral indicates that students were repeatedly scuffling in a location where staff knew physical horseplay occurred.
Question:
What is the leadership question, not the blame question?
What is...
“What system should have been in place to make the expected behavior more likely?”
Possible answers:
Leadership principle:
Reactive discipline addresses the incident. Proactive systems address the pattern.
A student says something extremely disrespectful to a staff member. The adult is visibly angry and begins moving toward the student.
Question:
Who is responsible for regulating the adult?
What is..
The adult.
That doesn't mean the student's behavior is acceptable.
It means professionals must recognize:
“I am responsible for my response even when the student is responsible for their behavior.”
Possible strategies:
Big Idea:
We cannot demand student self-regulation while modeling adult dysregulation.
A student physically confronts another student during dismissal.
The referral begins with:
“Student punched another student.”
Question:
What happened BEFORE the punch that staff need to know?
What is...
Investigate the chain:
Trigger → Interaction → Escalation → Adult response → Physical behavior → Intervention → Outcome
Questions might include:
Key lesson:
The punch is the incident. The escalation is the problem we need to understand.