The Bill of Rights
The 1st Amendment is primarily used to protect...
Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the people's right to assemble.
Before presenting in court, a lawyer submits their legal arguments to the court by writing...
A Brief
A lawyer who represents the State in a criminal matter is a...
Prosecutor
A police officer must obtain this in order to search a person's personal property...
A Warrant
Law that is not established by the legislature, but rather by the court system (e.g., judges), it is known as...
Case Law
The 5th Amendment states...
No person can be forced to testify against themselves in a criminal case.
When a higher court writes a decision and it serves as an authority for lower courts to follow when deciding on future identical or similar cases, it establishes...
Precedent
If a person is not the principal actor in a crime but assisted, they can be charged as...
An Accomplice
Any direct questioning by officers about a crime under investigation and more subtle statements or conduct...
An Interrogation
Defense used by criminal defendants to claim they weren't responsible for a crime due to a mental illness or defect at the time of the offense
Insanity Plea
The 14th Amendment protects the right of all persons to...
Due Process: the government cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
The writing tool lawyers use when addressing a legal question...
IRAC: Issue, rule, analysis, and conclusion.
A serious crime, often punishable by imprisonment for more than a year is called a...
Felony
Police can use __________ when they have a reasonable belief that it is necessary to protect themselves or others from imminent death or serious bodily harm, or to prevent the escape of a dangerous fleeing felon.
Deadly Force
The person who initiates a civil case against another person is called...
The Plaintiff
The 6th Amendment establishes the right of all people to...
Receive the assistance of counsel for their defense in all criminal prosecutions.
When the Supreme Court reviews a legal question from a lower court, it grants...
Certiorari
When police officers pat down a person to search for something dangerous or illegal, the act is often known as a...
Stop and Frisk
A police officer must have this, in order to be justified in a search without a warrant (reasonable grounds)...
Probable Cause
The legal principle that protects a person from being tried twice for the same crime is called...
Double Jeopardy
The 10th Amendment (aka the Supremacy Clause) establishes...
That the U.S. Constitution will overrule a state constitution or law if there is a conflict.
When another lawyer, who is not a party in a case, writes to the court in support of one side, it is known as...
An Amicus Curiae
The standard of proof the State must meet to convince a jury or judge that the defendant is guilty of the alleged crime is...
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
Rights that must be read before a person can be detained...
Miranda Warning: You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can be used against you in court, you have the right to an attorney, if you cannot afford an attorney one will be provided for you at no cost.
When a person is not legally required to retreat (where possible) before using self-defense, the ____________ doctrine applies.
Stand Your Ground