Introduction
This document is known as the “supreme law of the land” and serves as the foundation for all laws in the United States.
What is the Constitution of the United States?
Even though people have the right to protest, they may need this before holding a large public demonstration.
What is a permit?
This person oversees the courtroom, ensures rules are followed, and is addressed as “Your Honor.”
Who is the judge?
Under the Fourth Amendment, this occurs when a person is not free to leave, such as being placed under arrest.
What is a seizure?
This Revolutionary War-era problem inspired the creation of the Fourth Amendment because British officials could search homes without them.
What are warrants?
This document served as the first framework of government for the original 13 states before the Constitution was adopted.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
These five freedoms are often remembered with the acronym “R.A.P.P.S.”
What are Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and Speech?
These statements are given at the beginning of a trial to outline what each side believes the evidence will show.
What are opening statements?
This legal standard requires more than a mere suspicion but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt before police can usually obtain a warrant.
What is probable cause?
In a criminal trial, after both sides present evidence, the jury receives these before beginning deliberations.
What are jury instructions?
This amendment outlawed slavery in 1865, except as punishment for a crime.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This part of the First Amendment prevents the government from creating an official religion or favoring one religion over another.
What is the Establishment Clause?
In a criminal trial, the prosecution must prove the defendant’s guilt beyond this standard.
What is beyond a reasonable doubt?
If a person voluntarily allows police to search their property, officers do not need a warrant under this exception.
What is the consent exception?
The First Amendment right that protects journalists and media organizations from government censorship is known as this freedom.
What is freedom of the press?
This Founding Father helped draft the Constitution and later became the fourth President of the United States — and is known as the shortest U.S. president at 5’4”.
Who is James Madison?
In this 2021 Supreme Court case, the Court ruled that a public school could not discipline a student for an off-campus Snapchat post made on a weekend.
What is Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.?
In civil trials, the standard of proof is lower and is known by this phrase.
What is preponderance of the evidence?
This 1961 Supreme Court case established the exclusionary rule, meaning illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This First Amendment right allows citizens to collect signatures or contact government officials to request change.
What is the right to petition?
These are the first ten amendments to the Constitution and were added to address concerns about individual rights.
What is the Bill of Rights?
In this 1988 case, the Supreme Court ruled that schools may censor school-sponsored newspaper content if their actions are reasonably related to legitimate educational concerns.
What is Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier?
During cross-examination, attorneys often ask leading questions to accomplish this goal.
What is to challenge the witness’s credibility or create reasonable doubt?
When police violate the Fourth Amendment, this rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.
What is the exclusionary rule?
In a criminal trial, when a lawyer says this phrase, it signals they are finished questioning a witness.
What is “No further questions?"