Religion in Schools
This clause of the First Amendment prevents the government from establishing or endorsing a particular religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
This branch of government is responsible for making laws at the federal level.
What is the legislative branch?
In this case, a school official searched a student's purse after she was caught smoking in the bathroom. The student argued that the search violated her Fourth Amendment rights.
What is New Jersey v. T.L.O.?
This action is one of the key issues in Goss v. Lopez, where students were suspended without being given a hearing, leading to the court ruling that due process must apply.
What is suspension?
This 1969 Supreme Court case established that students do not lose their constitutional rights when entering school and that symbolic expression, such as wearing armbands, is protected under the First Amendment.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This term refers to the right to practice any religion of your choice, or none at all, without government interference
What is Free Exercise
This legal principle allows courts to strike down laws that conflict with the U.S. Constitution.
What is judicial review?
The 4th Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures of this type of property, which includes your personal items like your phone or backpack.
What are "effects"?
This amendment protects students' rights to due process before being suspended from school.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This 1983 Supreme Court case ruled that schools could censor and punish students for speech that is “lewd, indecent or offensive,” saying that student rights to free speech are not as broad as those of adults.
What is Bethel School District v. Fraser?
The Establishment Clause ensures that the government cannot take actions that establish or endorse a particular religion. This is part of what broader constitutional concept?
What is the Separation of Church and State?
Looking for 2 answers: This group comprised of 100 members, with each U.S. state electing two representatives to serve in this legislative body. Additionally, name the two from RI.
1. What is the Senate
2. Who are White and Reed
In schools, this is the standard required before a search can be conducted on a student’s person or possessions. It’s lower than "probable cause."
What is reasonable suspicion?
What type of interest is your right to education?
What are liberty and property?
The 2021 Supreme Court case involving a high school student’s off-campus Snapchat post, which led to a debate on whether the school could punish the student for their expression outside of school.
What is Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.?
This 1943 Supreme Court case ruled that it was unconstitutional to compel public school children to salute the flag, citing a violation of their First Amendment rights
What is West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette?
In order for a proposed amendment to become part of the Constitution, this fraction of state legislatures must ratify it.
What is three-fourths?
These people, who work for the state or federal government, are known as "state actors" and can be held accountable for violating 4th Amendment rights. (name at least 2)
Who are police officers, correctional officers, FBI agents, and Teachers?
The Supreme Court ruled that schools must provide students with these three steps before suspending them for 10 days or less. (There is 3)
What are:
Oral or written notice of the suspension and reasons why
Evidence of the infraction
An opportunity to present their side of the story
According to the First Amendment, these types of expressive conduct are also protected. (Give me 3 out of the 6 we talked about)
Examples of expressive conduct:
Burning a flag
Wearing an armband with a peace symbol
Picketing and marching
Distributing leaflets and pamphlets
Door-to-door solicitation
Tattooing
According to the ruling in Lynch v. Donnelly, the government can allow holiday displays, as long as they do not endorse this
What is one religion over another?
The U.S. Constitution's amendments can be grouped into several categories, name 3 out of the 5.
HINT: The categories can be grouped by amendments
1-10, 13-15, 16-19, 22-23, 26
1. Bill of Rights
2. Civil War & Reconstruction Amendments
3. Progressive Amendments
4. Presidential Amendments
5. Right to Vote at 18
In Vernonia v. Acton, the Court considered this factor when determining the reasonableness of random drug testing for student-athletes.
What is the special needs of the school in ensuring student safety and health, and the recognition that participation in extracurricular activities is a privilege - meaning its not a right
This legal concept ensures that before a student is suspended, they must be notified of the evidence against them, among other requirements.
What is due process?
In Tinker v. Des Moines, the Supreme Court ruled that student expression can only be censored if it threatens this type of interference with the school’s operations.
What is material and substantial interference?