Crime (Ch.7-10)
This strategy builds closer connections between police and the communities they serve.
Community policing
Alibi
Having a reasonable belief that a specific person has committed a crime.
Probable Cause
The asking, commanding, urging or advising of another person to commit a crime. This offense is committed at the time the asking is done.
Solicitation
The deliberate and malicious burning of another person's property
Arson
What are the elements of robbery?
(1) Taking and carrying away goods or money, (2) the taking from someone's person, and (3) the use of force or intimidation
This defense applies when the defendant admits to committing a criminal act but claims that he or she was induced, or persuaded, by a law enforcement officer to commit the crime.
Entrapment
This means that a suspect has a right to remain silent and can not be forced to testify against himself or herself at trial.
Protection against self-incrimination
When someone performs all of the elements of a crime but fails to achieve the criminal result, an _________ has occurred.
attempt
A crime in which a thief steals a piece of personal information, such as your social security number to commit fraud or theft
Identity theft
You have committed this crime if you falsely make or alter a writing or document with the intent to defraud.
Forgery
An individual acts under _____ when he or she is compelled to react to a situation that is unavoidable in order to protect life.
This means that a defendant cannot be prosecuted a second time for the same offense after either an acquittal or a conviction.
Double jeopardy
An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, coupled with the intent to commit the crime and some action or conduct that furthers the agreement.
Conspiracy
A crime which a person falsely makes or alters a writing or document with intent to defraud.
Forgery
In 2004, this was the third leading cause of death among people aged 10 through 24 in the United States.
Suicide
Infancy
Name two instances where a search without a warrant is legal.
Search incident to a lawful arrest; Stop and frisk; Consent; Border and Airport Searches; Vehicle Search (probable cause); Plain View; Hot Pursuit; Emergency Situations
Name three different types of homicide.
First degree murder, Second degree murder, Felony Murder, Voluntary Manslaughter, Involuntary Manslaughter
A crime in which the perpetrator uses force or intimidation to steal a car from a driver.
Carjacking
What are the different levels of murder charges?
Describe each of them.
First-degree murder - Act of killing that is premeditated, deliberate, and done with malice
Felony murder - Any killing that takes place during the commission of certain felonies such as arson, rape, robbery, or burglary
Second-degree murder - Killing that is done with malice, but without premeditation or deliberation
Voluntary manslaughter - Killing that would otherwise be seen as murder but that occurs after the victim has done something the killer that would cause a reasonable person to lose self-control or act rashly
Involuntary manslaughter - A killing in which there is no intent to kill at all
Negligent homicide - Causing death through criminal negligence
During criminal proceedings, the mental state of the accused can be an issue in determining whether (1) ____, (2)_____, and (3) _____
(1) the defendant is competent to stand trial
(2) the defendant was sane at the time of the criminal act, and
(3) the defendant is sane after the trial
What are the four purposes of punishment?Describe each.
1. Retribution - Instead of individuals seeking revenge, society, through the criminal justice system, takes on the role of punishing those who violate the laws
2. Deterrence - Many people believe that punishment discourages the offender from committing another crime in the future
3. Rehabilitation - Helping convicted persons change their behavior so they can lead useful and productive lives after their release
4. Incapacitation - This means that the criminal is physically separated from the community and the community is protected as a result of this incapacitation
This occurs when a person repeatedly follows or harasses another person and makes threats, causing the victim to fear death or bodily injury.
Stalking
Name one defense a defendant may plead after being charged with a crime.
(1) defendant committed the act but is not criminally responsible;
(2) defendant committed the act but it was justifiable (self defense);
(3) defendant did not commit the crime;
(4) no crime has been committed.