Introduction to Strength and Conditioning
The maximal amount of force one can generate during a specific movement pattern at a specified velocity of contraction.
What is muscle power?
A muscle action characteristic of muscle shortening is a(n) _________ muscle action.
What is concentric?
This physiological principle dictates that smaller, lower-threshold Type I motor units are recruited prior to larger, higher-threshold Type II motor units during voluntary effort
What is Henneman's Size Principle?
This core principle states that physiological adaptations are specific to the muscle actions, velocity, movement patterns, energy systems, and range of motion trained
What is the SAID Principle (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands / Specificity)?
Lasting 5 to 15 minutes, this opening _______ phase involves low-intensity aerobic activity to increase muscle temperature, core temp, and cardiac output
What is a Warm-Up?
The ability of an athlete to change direction rapidly without a significant loss of speed, balance, or bodily control.
What is Agility?
While kinematics describes motion without regard to forces, this branch of biomechanics deals specifically with the forces that cause body movement
What is Kinetics?
This primary neurotransmitter is released across the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to excite the motor end-plate and initiate a muscle action potential
What is Acetylcholine (ACh)?
This term describes a staleness or plateau in performance resulting from a lack of variation or change in training stimulus over time
What is Accommodation?
Advanced flexibility techniques such as Hold-Relax and Contract-Relax belong to this overarching category of stretching that uses neuromuscular reflexes
What is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)?
ACSM is the abbreviation for this organization.
What is American College of Sports Medicine?
Movements like squats or push-ups where the distal segment of the limb remains fixed against an immovable surface are classified as this type of kinetic chain
What is a Closed Kinetic Chain?
The preferential or early activation of the FT motor units during explosive exercise.
What is elective recruitment?
Substantial reductions in muscular performance and loss of training adaptations can begin in as little as this timeframe following complete cessation of exercise
What is two weeks (Principle of Reversibility / Detraining)?
Self-myofascial release tools like foam rollers aim to release these localized, hyperirritable spots and adhesions in fascial tissue
What are Trigger Points (Fascial Adhesions)?
Advancement in knowledge, skill, or expertise in a particular area of interest.
What is proficiency?
Rotational force (torque) generated about a joint is calculated by multiplying the applied force by this perpendicular distance to the axis of rotation.
What is the Moment Arm?
Unilateral training that results in a strength increase in the nontrained limb.
Cross education
This risk management framework stands for: Recognize hazards, Assess risk, Minimize/manage hazards, and Prepare for emergencies
What is the RAMP Framework?
Intense static stretching immediately prior to explosive athletic events is discouraged because it can cause acute reductions in these performance attributes
What are maximal strength, force, and power output?
The use of training to target increases in muscular strength.
What is strength training?
When arranging exercise order within a single workout, these highly explosive, multi-joint movements should always be performed first
What are Power Exercises?
Located at the muscle-tendon junction, this proprioceptor monitors muscle tension and induces autogenic inhibition (agonist relaxation) as a protective mechanism
What is the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)?
The gradual increase in stress placed on the human body during training.
What is progressive overload?
While tissue length and neural regulation are modifiable factors of range of motion, bone/joint structure and body ratios belong to this category
What are Non-Modifiable Factors?