Lifespan Considerations
What is a nonnormative stressor?
stressors that few face but produce higher stress levels
Disease characterized by low cortisol levels
Addisons disease
What hormone is released when a person experiences stress?
Cortisol
Where is the stress response integrated through?
the hypothalamus
What are the three types of stress?
acute, chronic, episodic
What is an example of a nonnormative stressor that children can face?
homelessness, abuse, trauma
Clinical manifestations of Cushing's disease
obesity, round face, thin skin, increased body hair, low potassium
What effect does cortisol have on the body?
increased insulin resistance, increased serum glucose, consumption of fat for energy
What are the three phases of general adaptation syndrome?
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
What are the three sources of stress?
biogenic, physiological, psychological
Children may cry, experience restlessness, new or recurring fears such as the dark, aggressive behavior, clinging
Effects of stress on the cardiovascular system
increased blood pressure, heart rate, spasm of blood vessels, increased oxygen demand
What hormone does the anterior pituitary release that stimulates cortisol?
ACTH
What type of feedback can lead to illness?
Positive feedback
What are some factors that can cause stress?
divorce, death, work, money, alcohol abuse, trauma
What are some risk factors that older adults may have that can cause stress?
modern technology, isolation or loneliness, inability to perform ADLs, retirement
What body processes can be disrupted by stress?
GI, cognition/memory, respiratory, cardiovascular, skin, reproduction
What clinical manifestations would someone experiencing stress have?
increased heart rate and blood pressure, hyperventilation, bronchoconstriction, agitation, restlessness
What stage of adaptation could potential lead to death?
Exhaustion
What are some social coping strategies for managing stress?
Why may it be hard to identify stress in older adults?
Due to other comorbidities and the belief that 'anxiety/depression' is a normal aging process
Why does stress affect our immune response?
cortisol can suppress your immune system's effectiveness by lowering the number of lymphocytes in the blood
This hormone stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland
CRH
During which metabolic stress response does hyperglycemia occur?
Ebb phase
What kind of feedback is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?
negative feedback loop