Stress response basics
Also known as the “fight or flight” concept
What is Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
In this phase, you may notice effects like an increased heart rate, sweating, nervous fidgeting, and feeling tense, anxious, worried
What is the alarm stage
During stress this can cause inflammation and necrosis that result in stomatitis (ulcers in the mouth) and necrotizing periodontal disease or nausea.
What is prolonged vasoconstriction
The are often asymptomatic, but still dangerous because they frequently manifest with gastric hemorrhage
What are stress ulcers
A relatively constant blood supply to the brain helps prevent
What is mood swings and reduces irritability
This involves an integrated series of actions, including the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, the sympathetic nervous system, the adrenal medulla, and the adrenal cortex.
What is the stress reponse
Leads to an increase in the release of endorphins, which act as pain-blocking agents
What is the stress response
The adrenal cortex releases this during the stress response
What is Cortisol
A potential complication of severe stress is infection, which is related to depression of the inflammatory response and the immune system by
What is cortisol?
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
What is stages of the stress response?
the body’s defenses are mobilized by activation of the hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenal glands.
What is the alarm stage
when our bodies attempt to return to a normal balance, you'll begin to feel calmer, your body's physiological functions return to normal, and you can better focus on attending to the source of the stress.
What is the second, or resistance stage
results from prolonged severe vasoconstriction and reduced blood supply to the kidney.
What is Acute renal failure
With treatment, symptoms usually resolve in 6 months, but in some cases symptoms persist or reoccur for several years. There is a high risk of these clients developing a dependence on drugs or alcohol.
What is PTSD
illness, trauma, fear, surgery, taking exams, change in family or friends, new experience, job hunting, and financial problems.
What are stressors?
Catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from
What is the adrenal medulla
Any type of stressor immediately initiates a marked increase in ________, followed by a great increase in ______,
What is ACTH and Cortisol
The adrenal medulla releases this during the stress response
What is epinephrine?
During aerobic exercise, the body uses more _______ for energy, and therefore _________remain more stable to help cope with prolonged stress.
What is fats
What is blood sugar levels
This ulcer, is associated with burns.
What is a curling ulcer?
hormonal levels are elevated, and essential body systems operate at peak performance.
What is the second, or resistance stage
In major or prolonged stress, intellectual function and memory are frequently disrupted because of
What is a large number of glucocorticoids being released
This syndrome usually occurs within 3 months of the event, but it may cause symptoms years later. Symptoms include: revisiting or reliving the event, avoidance of certain activities and a lack of emotional response, and a dissociative state in which the person is nonresponsive.
What is post-traumatic stress
may cause minor problems such as headache, or more serious problems such as a seizure or cancer; it can also exacerbate a chronic illness such as ulcerative colitis.
What is stress?
An individual can resolve stressful situations in a positive manner and return to a normal state using
What is appropriate coping mechanisms?
Elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate; Bronchodilation and increased ventilation; Increased blood glucose levels; Arousal of the central nervous system; Decreased inflammatory and immune responses are all
What is effects of the stress response
you find yourself feeling run down and having far less energy than normal. You may fall ill more easily, as your immune system can also weaken due to stress. This is a signal that your stress is severe; the body is unable to respond further or is damaged by the increased demands.
What is the The final stage, or stage of exhaustion
Fatigue, age, inadequate nutrition, insufficient knowledge, and lack of emotional support are
What is factors that interfere with an appropriate stress response.
Severe prolonged stress or multiple stressors may have serious consequences, such as the development of
What is a a peptic ulcer?
What is acute renal failure?
Intense vasoconstriction in the gastric mucosa decreased mucosal regeneration, decreased mucus production, decreased motility, stasis of chyme, delayed tissue regeneration
What are factors contributing to a stress ulcer?
occurs when the body is unable to respond further or is damaged by the increased demands.
What is The final stage, or stage of exhaustion
Cortisol and aldosterone are steroid hormones released from
What is the Adrenal Cortex
It has been noted that ___________is elevated during stress, and the reactive vasoconstriction affects blood pressure and blood vessels when stress is sustained.
What is cholesterol
Avoiding sleep, eating junk food, drinking too much coffee, and smoking
What is behaviors more likely to add stress than to alleviate it.
The hormone causes an increase in heart rate and contractility, effectively boosting cardiac output. It also constricts certain blood vessels while dilating others
What is epinephrine?
refers to stress that is a result from the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the expectations of ICT use in business and general society.
What is technostress
The hypothalamus triggers, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which triggers this. It prepares your body for an adequate response, increase blood glucose levels for energy, decreases immune response and inflammation, helps trigger ADH and Aldosterone, enhances catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine
What is cortisol
Ensuring adequate rest and a healthy diet, Adopting a regular moderate exercise program, aerobic exercise, Engaging in distracting activities
What is strategies to minimize the stress response
This is likely a result of glycogenolysis (liver) and gluconeogenesis from protein and lipids caused by the release of glucocorticoids and epinephrine.
What is an increase in blood sugar?
referred to as the “stress hormone,” this hormone is released from the adrenal cortex; it helps control how your body uses fats, proteins and carbohydrates for energy.
What is cortisol?
This phenomenon may lead to notable stress reactions among users, as well as a reduction in life satisfaction.
What is “smartphone use disorder”
This is triggered by the hypothalamus and SNS; it is released by the adrenal medulla and it circulates through the body, bringing on a number of physiological changes. The heart beats faster than normal, pushing blood to the muscles, heart, and other vital organs. Pulse rate and blood pressure go up. The person starts to breathe more rapidly. Small airways in the lungs open wide and the lungs can take in as much oxygen as possible with each breath. Extra oxygen is sent to the brain, increasing alertness. Sight, hearing, and other senses become sharper. The release of blood sugar (glucose) and fats from temporary storage sites in the body takes place and the nutrients flood into the bloodstream, supplying energy to all parts of the body.
What is epinephrine
Continued stress may impede the healing of tissue following trauma or surgery. The two major factors are involved are:
What is increased cortisol reducing protein synthesis and tissue regeneration;
What is increased catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine leading to vasoconstriction, reduced blood supply, and reduced delivery of nutrients to the traumatized area.
the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands – collectively known as
What is the HPA axis?
Increasing heart rate and contractility, Dilating airways to improve oxygen intake, Redirecting blood flow to essential organs and muscles, Mobilizing energy reserves by promoting the breakdown of glycogen and fat, Enhancing cognitive function and alertness
What is functions of epinephrine in the stress response