Physiology of Stress/Anxiety
These 3 hormones are released in response to an initial stressor
What is epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol?
Name that stage of GAS: The reaction when a person perceives a stressor
What is the alarm reaction?
This level of anxiety increases alertness that facilitates problem solving
What is mild anxiety?
The client refuses to acknowledge the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
What is denial?
Name that disorder: trouble sleeping, fatigue, irritability and feelings of worry for the last 6 months
What is generalized anxiety disorder
Name one emotional and one behavioral effect of stress
Emotional- irritability, anxiety, anger, depression, panic attacks
Behavioral- eating habits, sleep disturbance, substance use, isolation, avoidance, aggression, decreased productivity
The sympathetic nervous system initiates this response in the alarm reaction phase
What is fight or flight?
The client with this level of anxiety has increased RR and states " I have butterflies in my stomach"
What is moderate anxiety?
The client receives the wrong breakfast tray and throws their cane at the nurse in response
What is displacement?
Name that disorder: Client is with friends and has chest pain, pounding heart, n/t, and dizziness out of nowhere. Happens 2x/week for the last 3 months.
What is panic disorder?
These are 2 consequences of long term stress
What is chronic fatigue, reproductive issues, impaired memory, reduced immune response, increased cortisol, chronic pain/illness?
Name that stage of GAS: The body's attempt to adapt to the stressor
What is stage of resistance?
This level of anxiety involves increased feelings of dread, greatly reduced perceptual field, difficulty concentrating, and hyperventilating.
What is severe anxiety?
The client steals from a store but justifies it because their overtime was cut from work this week.
What is rationalization?
Name that disorder: Client robbed at gunpoint 1 month ago at the mall now avoids shopping and has other general stress symptoms. They can no longer work.
What is PTSD
These are 4 important structures of the limbic system involved in the response to stress and anxiety
What is thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus and hippocampus?
Name that stage of GAS: The adaptive mechanisms can no longer provide defense
What is stage of exhaustion?
The manifestations of severe anxiety (list 3)
What is difficulty communicating verbally, increased motor activity, fearful facial expression, headache, nausea, dizziness, tachycardia, and hyperventilation?
The CEO of an oil company donates millions to non-profits to combat climate change
What is undoing?
Name that disorder: This client checks that their oven and appliances are unplugged 10 times before leaving the house.
What is obsessive compulsive disorder?
Name 2 neurotransmitters that are implicated in the regulation of anxiety.
What are serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine and dopamine?
These are expected changes in vitals that occur in the alarm reaction stage
What is increased HR, BP, and RR?
This level of anxiety involves chest pain, a choking sensation, or feelings of impending doom
What is panic?
A person who is feeling irritated or hostile insists that everyone else around them is being aggressive or rude.
What is projection?
This anxiolytic takes up to 2 weeks to be fully effective, and does not have a risk of tolerance or dependence.
What is buspirone hydrochloride (Buspar)?