Bow Strokes
A bouncing, springing bow stroke off the string:
What is Spiccato
This substance should be applied to the bow hair, not the strings.
What is rosin?
Reminder not to touch the bow hair - skin oil is bad.
A person who makes and repairs stringed instruments and bows.
What is a luthier?
The double bass is typically tuned in these intervals.
AND
This fingering system is most commonly used for beginning bass instruction.
What are perfect fourths?
What is the Simandl system?
The age group most likely to begin cello or bass instruction in public school.
And Consider also the youngest age to begin holding the instrument and playing.
What is middle school?
What is toddler age?
Striking the wood of the bow with the stick rather than the hair?
(Tuning) Before adjusting pegs, students should always..
What is pluck the string as they tune to avoid string breakage, hear a drone or pitch as the goal, and visually see which string they are tuning by look at which the peg the string connects to?
To mute the string and its indication on the score:
What is Con Sordino?
Why might a string player choose to not play an open string?
Open strings tend to be brighter than closed pitches.
The first thing a teacher should check if a student has poor tone.
What is bow placement, bow hold, tension in hands, poor posture, etc?
To play over the fingerboard for a lighter airy sound quality. (I need both terms)
What is Flautando and Sul tasto
Extreme heat, cold, or dryness can cause this structural problem in string instruments.
and
Instruments should be taken to luthier.... (how often, what should be looked over)
What are cracks / warping, open seams?
What is about once a year, to check for open seams, cracks, warping, as well as string replacement should be done, and potentially bow rehair?
Learned and established slowly, as well as similar to the motion of an elevator.
What is shifting?
Does a composer need to specify to play with vibrato?
A reason vibrato is delayed in beginner instruction. (Give me 2 reasons)
What is the need for solid intonation and relaxed left hand first?
Playing 2 or more notes in a bow with a stop in between:
What is a hooked bowing?
This daily habit helps prolong the life of strings and bow hair, even the quality of the varnish/wood.
What is wiping down the instrument after playing?
Be sure to use a good quality microfiber cloth meant for wood surfaces
Describe using a metronome to build vibrato on a lower string instrument.
What is setting the tempo at 60-80 and pulsing each finger, wrist, arm with the quarter note pulse, eighth note, triplet, and sixteenth note pulse to build a foundation to learning vibrato with an even oscillation or sound wave?
This common beginner problem occurs when the cello endpin is too short.
And
This common beginner problem occurs when the cello endpin is too long/tall.
What is poor posture / collapsed playing position, curved back, bent neck, head drooped?
Arms too high, bow angle strained on string creating poor tone from lack of arm weight, twisted torso possibly from trying to watch left hand, knees not holding instrument properly?
3 elements that affect sound/tone quality with the bow.
Ponticello and sul tasto help to emphasize some of these colors in sound - define them.
What is bow speed, bow contact point on the string, arm weight/pressure?
What is playing near the bridge and getting a shriller, biting tone? And What is playing over the fingerboard and creating a softer, mellow, more undefined sound?
A quick and bouncing bow stroke, so fast it does not bounce like spiccato.
What is Sautillé?
Describe the process to tuning the Double Bass:
What is A harmonic on the D string, tuning A string, then E string, then G string last?
Tuning the string instrument with alternate tuning for each string than the standard is known as:
What is scordatura?
This higher clef is introduced later to avoid excessive ledger lines.
And this higher clef is introduced even later to again avoid excessive ledger lines. Typically played in what position-
What is tenor clef?
What is treble clef, thumb position
Describe at least 4 things to keep in mind when setting up a beginner cellist.
AND
Describe at least 4 things to keep in mind when setting up a beginner bassist.
What is end pin length, chair height, cello sizing with hand frame, scroll should be to nose, bow hold with thumb and first knuckle supporting the stick the most and other 3 fingers relaxed, bee stings in thigh, knees holding instrument steady, cello as centered to chest, scroll behind neck, tuning, pizzicato?
What is bass size, left hand frame, standing vs. sitting with bass, stool height, knee position when seated, bow holds 2 kinds (French, German), scroll nut to eyebrow, tuning, pizzicato, how to rosin bow - bass boogies, body position over bass, ease of rotation of torso, encouraging shifting somewhat early, good left hand shifting and posture, relaxed bow hold with thumb and first finger knuckle, etc.?