Steel
The process of joining steel members by melting and fusing their edges.
What is welding?
This term refers to the curvature in a prestressed concrete beam caused by the eccentricity of prestressing tendons.
What is camber?
This ASCE document provides minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, including wind, seismic, and snow.
What is ASCE 7?
The concept describing how loads travel through structural components to the foundation.
What is load path or load transfer?
In steel girder detailing, these plates are welded to the web at intervals to prevent buckling and distribute loads.
What are stiffener plates?
This term describes the failure mode when a slender steel member bends sideways under compression.
What is buckling?
In prestressed concrete design, this term refers to the reduction in prestressing force over time due to creep, shrinkage, and steel relaxation.
What is time-dependent prestress loss?
This institute publishes guidelines for precast and prestressed concrete elements used in bridges and buildings.
What is PCI (Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute)?
In AASHTO LRFD, the lateral load applied to a bridge component to simulate the impact of a vehicle or vessel is referred to by this term and is treated as a concentrated force in design.
What is collision force?
These supports are used during girder erection to maintain alignment before permanent connections are made.
What are erection/temporary bracing or falsework?
According to AASHTO LRFD, fracture-critical members in steel bridges must meet specific material toughness requirements to prevent brittle fracture. Name the test used to verify this property.
What is the Charpy V-Notch impact test?
According to AASHTO LRFD, this design check ensures that a tall cantilever retaining wall remains stable under combined earth pressure, surcharge, etc. loads.
What is external/global stability analysis (overturning, sliding, and bearing capacity)?
This organization publishes specifications for welding structural steel in the U.S. What is their name and define their acronym.
What is AWS (American Welding Society)?
Differential temperature across a bridge deck can induce this type of internal force, even without external loads.
What are thermal forces/stresses?
In prestressed concrete girder detailing, this term refers to the intentional offset of tendon profiles to control stresses and deflections.
What is draping or harping of tendons?
Steel bridge members subjected to repetitive truck loads must be checked for fatigue. What parameter is used to classify the fatigue resistance, and what specification governs this classification?
What is the detail category per AASHTO LRFD fatigue provisions?
In segmental concrete bridge construction, this method involves casting short sections and joining them with epoxy and prestressing tendons allowing for long spans without falsework.
What is the balanced cantilever method?
This organization publishes specifications for post-tensioning systems, anchorage devices, and installation practices in prestressed concrete structures.
What is PTI (Post-Tensioning Institute)?
For long-span bridges, this aerodynamic phenomenon can lead to catastrophic failure if not properly mitigated.
What is flutter?
When detailing reinforcement in cast-in-place concrete, AASHTO LRFD requires the minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer to not be less what absolute minimum?
What is 1.5 inches?
This term describes the additional tensile force in bolts caused by deformation of connected parts under load, often requiring special design checks.
What is prying action?
In reinforced concrete design, the development length of a tension bar depends on several factors including bar size, concrete strength, and coating. According to ACI or AASHTO LRFD, what adjustment must be made to the development length when epoxy-coated reinforcement is used, and why?
What is increase the development length by 30% (or use a factor of 1.3) because epoxy coating reduces bond strength between steel and concrete.
This association develops standards for railway bridge design and maintenance in North America. What is their name and define their acronym?
What is AREMA (American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association)?
In AASHTO LRFD seismic design, this parameter modifies the elastic response spectrum to account for inelastic behavior and ductility of the structure.
What is the response modification factor, RRR?
In seismic design, these bearings are detailed to accommodate large displacements and dissipate energy, often using lead cores or sliding surfaces to reduce seismic forces transmitted to the superstructure.
What are seismic isolation bearings?