FOLDS
This common fold type is arch-like in shape and has the oldest rock layers in its core.
Anticline
In this type of fault, the hanging wall moves DOWN relative to the footwall.
Normal Fault
Defined as Force per unit Area
stress
This mineral is soft, can be scratched with a fingernail, and is often used in school classrooms for writing on boards.
Talc
A boundary where two tectonic plates move apart from each other.
Divergent Boundary
in this trough-shaped fold, the youngest rock layers are found in the center.
Syncline
In this type of fault, the hanging wall moves UP relative to the footwall, usually caused by compression.
Reverse Fault
The change in shape or volume of a rock body in response to applied stress.
strain
A transparent mineral that forms cubic crystals and tastes salty.
Halite
The process where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the mantle.
Subduction
his imaginary plane divides a fold into two roughly symmetrical halves (limbs).
Axial Plane
A fault where the movement is predominantly horizontal and parallel to the strike of the fault surface.
Strike-Slip Fault
This type of deformation is temporary; the rock returns to its original shape when the stress is removed
Elastic Deformation
A green mineral rich in copper, often used as an ore of copper, and known for its bright green color.
Malachite
A boundary where two plates slide horizontally past one another (e.g., San Andreas Fault).
Transform Boundary
A step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently-dipping sequence.
Monocline
A low-angle reverse fault, typically with a dip less than 45 degrees, common in mountain belts
Thrust Fault
This type of stress squeezes a rock body, shortening
Compressional Stress (or Compression)
A very dense metallic mineral, the main ore of lead, with metallic luster and cubic crystals.
Galena
A mountain-building event, typically occurring at convergent plate boundaries.
Orogeny
A fold that has been overturned to such an extent that its limbs are essentially horizontal.
Recumbent Fold
A downdropped block bounded by normal faults, often found in rift zones
Graben
A graphical representation of the state of stress at a point, plotting normal stress against shear stress.
Mohr Circle
This rare mineral is the second hardest natural substance after diamond and often forms hexagonal crystals.
Corundum
The name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 335 to 175 million years ago
Pangaea