Periodicity Trends
Oxidation / Reduction
Vocabulary
Organic Chemistry Fundamentals
Practice Questions
100
Increases across a period
Atomic number/ Nuclear charge (number of protons)
100
What is oxidation and reduction?
Oxidation is loss of electrons
Reduction is gain of electrons
100
Electrons in the outer most energy level.
Valence electrons
100
What is the difference between empirical and molecular formulas?
Empirical is the simplest whole number ratio while molecular is not
100
Draw out the skeletal formula for 2-methylbutane.
200
Increases down a group
Energy levels
200
What increases during oxidation and decreases during reduction?
Oxidation state
200
A material whose physical properties resemble metals and chemical properties resemble nonmetals.
Metalloids
200
What part of the skeletal formula would represent a carbon?
The bend and/or end
200
Why dont noble gases generally have electronegativity?
They are stable and dont need to attract electrons
300
Increases across a period and decreases down a group (List all)
Electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity
300
What is oxygens oxidation state?
-2
300
A more reactive element replaces a less reactive one.
Displacement reaction
300
What is the iupac suffix for an ester?
Anoate
300
Name:
2-bromopropan-1-ol
400
Decreases across a period and increases down a group
Atomic radius and ionic radius
400
This type of agent donates electrons and is oxidized
Reducing agent
400
Measure of attraction between incoming electron and the nucleus.
Electron Affinity
400
What is the definition of a homologous series?
A family of compounds which members differ by a common structural unit (ex. CH2)
400
Which element has the lowest electronegativity value?
Potassium Iodine Flourine Hydrogen
Potassium
500
Why does halogen reactivity decrease down the group?
Larger atoms gain electrons less easily
500
Oxidation and reduction occur in what type of reaction?
Redox reactions
500
Can act as both an acid and a base.
Amphoteric oxide
500
Define an optical isomer.
Steroisomers that are mirror images of one another
500
A student places sodium and potassium in water. Explain which reacts more vigorously and why.
Potassium reacts more vigorously because it is lower in Group 1, has lower ionization energy, and loses its valence electrons more easily.