Who Am I?
I have a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic end. I am negatively charged at pH 7 (COO-).
What is a fatty acid?
Functions of fatty acids
What is:
•Energy production via beta-oxidation
•Esterified in TAGs (for storage) or in polar membrane lipids
•Used to form Cholesterol esters
•Dietary essential fatty acids needed for the synthesis of eicosanoids (signaling molecules that play a role in innate immune response)
Special feature of FREE fatty acids
What is detergent character? (They can destroy the cell.)
Grouping fatty acids into omega families
What is counting backward from the last carbon, independent of the length of the fatty acid, until the first double bond is reached? This number determines the w-family since animals cannot form double bonds beyond delta 9 toward the methyl end (w-end).
I am an essential fatty acid that can be used to make DHA (22:6).
What is α-Linolenic acid (18:3, ω3)?
Ways the cell deals with the detergent character of fatty acids
What is
•In the blood, they are bound to Albumin
•In the cell they can be esterified in TAG or polar membrane lipids
•They can be used to make Cholesterol esters
•In the cell they can be activated to FA-CoA by FA-CoA Synthetase.
Classification of fatty acids
What is
•Saturated vs unsaturated
•Essential vs non-essential
•Chain length: medium-chain(4-12 C) vs long-chain (16-20 C) vs very long-chain FA (>22)
• Omega families: ω3 vs ω6
SEE SLIDE 12
Making other fatty acids from dietary essential fatty acids
What is humans can introduce a double bond between carbons 9 and 10?
I am a non-polar lipid with a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids.
What is triacylglycerol?
Function of TAG
What is the main storage of fatty acids in the adipocytes which can be degraded to make energy?
The structure of a phospholipid
What contains phosphate in a phosphatidic acid? Most have a glycerol backbone and are called Glycerophospholipids
Site of digestion of lipids
What are the stomach and small intestine?
I am an important part of membranes. I have a polar head and hydrophobic tails (esterified fatty acids).
What is a polar lipid?
Functions of cholesterol
What is:
•Control Cell Membrane fluidity.
•In the outer layer and makes the membrane less permeable to water and other molecules.
•Found in both layers of the plasma membrane of all cells and not in bilayer membranes WITHIN the cell
• Used to make bile acids in the liver
• Used to make steroid hormones (adrenal gland-cortisol, aldosterone, androgens; testes-testosterone; ovaries-estradiol)
• Used to make Vitamin D in the skin
• Essential for brain function
The structure of a glycolipid
What contains sugar? Most have sphingosine backbone and are called sphingolipids
Derivative of linoleic acid (18:2, w6)
What is arachidonic acid (20:4, w6)?
I am amphipathic and contain 27 carbons, a 4 steroid ring system, a OH- group and a double bond.
What is cholesterol?
The function of cholesterol ester
What is the form in which Cholesterol is packaged and placed into Lipoproteins to be transported to cells that need it?
Identify the missing words. The melting point of saturated FAs __________ with chain length and __________ with the addition of double bonds.
What are increases and decreases? The melting point of saturated FAs increases with chain length and decreases with the addition of double bonds.
I am non-polar and consist of a fatty acid attached to cholesterol.
What is cholesterol ester?