Enzymes
Immune System
Nervous System
Protein Synthesis
Miscellaneous
100
This is another phrase we use to refer to Enzymes
Catalysts or Biological Catalysts
100
What type of body cell makes antibodies
White Blood Cells
100
Drugs like cocaine and fentanyl block cell receptors on neurons when they are introduced in the body. What is now prevented between nerve cells(what do these nerve cells want to do with each other?)
Cell Communication
100
DNA is found in this Cell Organelle
Nucleus
100
Name two Shape Specific Molecules
Antibodies, enzymes, receptors
200
Name TWO chemical reactions that enzymes can perform
Digestion(Hydrolysis) and Synthesis
200
Give three examples of pathogens
COVID, Flu, Common Cold, Bacteria, Ecoli, Pollen
200
lets say a drug like LSD is introduced in the body and inhibits(blocks) Dopamine Receptors on Nerve Cells. What can we assume about the structure of LSD and Dopamine?
They must have the same structure of shape to fit in the same receptor
200
Which two organelles interact with each other to perform Protein Synthesis
Nucleus and the Ribosome
200
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
found in different organelles
single vs double stranded
Thymine vs Uracil
300
If the substrate is a protein, what are the products in this reaction? 
Amino Acids
300
Antibodies of your immune system match to the appropriate _______ based on their _________
antigen, shape/structure
300
This is the chemical message that is sent between neurons that binds to receptors. An example is dopamine
Neurotransmitter
300
Cell receptors, Antibodies, and Enzymes are all types of these macromolecules
Proteins
300
which enzyme would we expect to work in your stomach? explain?
Pepsin because it has an optimal pH at a low pH, which your stomach prefers.
400
Describe the Lock and Key Method for Enzymes in 2-4 sentences
Enzymes have a specific shape(the locks). Each lock only has one key(the substrate), so there are 1000s of different enzymes. When the lock is denatured, the key that normally fits it will not work, and the chemical reaction will not happen
400
Describe how your immune system responds to allergens like pollen when your experiencing allergies. Mention the words shape, antigen, and antibodies in your answer
Your immune system identifies the pollen as foreign and harmful even though it is actually harmless. Your body will create antibodies that have a specific shape to the antigens of the pollen, causing you to experience allergies(the allergic reaction).
400
This is the name for the gap between two neurons that communicate with each other
Synapse or the synaptic gap
400
What does "shape specific" mean? give an example.(do not use the word "specific" in your answer)
There are 1000s of different enzymes because they each do something unique. Only one type of substrate bind to one type of enzyme to do a certain chemical reaction
400
What is the difference between a nucleus and a brain(think levels of organization)? How are they similar?Explain.
Their size. A nucleus is much smaller than a brai. The nucleus is an organelle that is found inside a cell and a brain is an organ that contains many nuclei in its cells. Both coordinate and control activities in the body.
500
What TWO factors can affect enzymes? What is it called when the enzyme changes shape?
pH and Temperature. Denaturation
500
Suppose you have contracted COVID-19, have fully recovered, then shortly after you get the Flu(Influenza). Will getting the COVID-19 virus previously help your immune system fight the flu? Please use the words antibodies, specific, and antigen in your answer
NO! COVID-19 and the Flu are different viruses that have different antigens with different shapes. The body will create specific antibodies in each virus separately, so that antibodies that are created by white blood cells to fight COVID-19 cannot fight the Flu because they have different shapes and thus different functions.
500
Give and describe an example of a Stimulus and an incorrect Response that your Nervous System may experience if you had a problem with your nervous system.
A possible stimulus of your nervous system could be your hand touching a hot stove. If the message is incorrect from your hand to your brain, you will leave your hand on the stove(which is the response). This will cause you to burn your hand .
500
Suppose a gene mutates in a nerve cell from "ATA" to "ATG", changing the Amino Acid created from "Pro" to "Lys". Describe HOW and WHY this process will affect the cell receptors that are created on this nerve cell? EXPLAIN.
DNA codes for the production of proteins like receptors. The mutation in DNA changes the structures of the DNA ,leading to a change in the structure of the amino acid created, which leads to a Receptor that has a different shape. The Receptor will now have a different shape that cannot bind to the neurotransmitter it usually does and will therefore not function. This will not let the nerve cell communicate or pass the message to another cell.
500
If we put Trypsin in a glass of water, will it still function? Explain
The pH of water is 7 so even though it is not working at its best , the trypsin enzyme will still have activity because it has not denatured completely(the value is still on the curve).