Types of Structures
Describing Structures
Mass and Forces
Forces, Loads and Stresses
How Structures Fail
Designing
100
This can be classified as a push or a pull
What is a force?
100
Where a structure's parts are held together.
What are joints?
100
A measure of the amount of matter in material.
What is mass?
100
When you kick a soccer ball, you produce this type of internal stress on the ball.
What is compression.
100
At frank slides, there was a massive amount of compression on the mountain from its weight. Eventually a side of the mountain broke off in a landslide due to this type of failure
What is shear failure?
100
This is the strongest shape
What is a triangle
200
This includes the weight of the structure itself and other permanent parts of the structure
What is a dead load?
200
The shape, colour, texture, etc. of a structure is this type of component of a structure.
What is aesthetic.
200
This is the correct term for the force of gravity acting on a structure.
What is weight
200
This type of internal stress occurs within a rope during a game of tug-of-war
What is tension?
200
Explain how car bumpers and sheet metal used in cars are designed to react in a collision.
Car bumpers buckle and fail and absorb the shock of the collision so that the passengers do not have too.
200
An arch is a good design to direct the forces along angled components. The arch is held together by this central stone called this
What is the keystone
300
This is anything with a definite size and shape, which serve a definite function.
What is a structure?
300
Layers of different materials pressed or glued together are this type of material.
What are laminations?
300
This is the standard unit of force.
What are Newtons?
300
Internal stresses can change the shape of a structure. This change of shape to a structure is called a ...
What is deformation?
300
Explain how in a boat's outboard motor, the propeller is held to the engine with a shear pin. This pin breaks if the propeller gets tangled in the weeds. Why is the shear pin designed to fail?
The shear pin is designed to fail so to prevent further damage to the gears, motor and engine.
300
Laying on a bed of nails is possible because the weight of your body can be spread out on each nail. This demonstrates this method of design we talked about it class.
What is distributing the load?
400
These types of structures are strong and hollow and have a thin outer layer that is carefully shaped to provide strength.
What is a shell structure?
400
Lego pieces have these types of joints.
What are interlocking shapes?
400
In order to properly describe gravitational force acting on a structure, you would need these 2 qualities.
What are mass of the objects and distance between the two objects (magnitude)?
400
When bending a material, these two internal stresses are acting on the material
What are compression and tension?
400
In our paperclip experiment, we bent the paperclip until it got warm and broke apart due to this.
What is metal fatigue?
400
In order to direct the force of a building along angled components, these features (star) may also be used.
What is a flying buttress
500
The advantage to this type of structure is that it holds itself together by its own weight.
What is a mass structure?
500
Glues are a type of this type of joint.
What are rigid adhesive joints?
500
What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? Include units!
What is 9.81 m/s2 (or 10 m/s2)
500
This internal force occurs when you twist the material by turning the ends in opposite directions.
What is torsion?
500
During an intense game of tug-of-war, the rope withstood all the forces acting on it. The rope demonstrated this type of strength.
What is tensile strength (withstanding tension)
500
This force is always acting in the opposite direction of an applied force.
What is friction?