STRUCTURE & FUNCTION BASICS
This term refers to how something is built, while function refers to what it does.
What is structure?
This organ has dense, muscular tissue that enables it to pump blood forcefully.
What is the heart?
This system uses specialized nerve cells called neurons to transmit electrical signals.
What is the nervous system?
This is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest: cell, this, organ, organ system.
What is tissue?
This is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.
What is homeostasis?
This "crosscutting" concept shows up in every branch of science and engineering.
What is structure and function?
These organs have a spongy texture with ample open space to maximize surface area for gas exchange.
What are the lungs?
This system includes white blood cells, lymph nodes, and the spleen to protect against pathogens.
What is the immune system?
This type of structure describes how each level of organization builds on the one before it.
What is hierarchical structure?
This hormone is released when the body is dehydrated to help kidneys conserve water.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
A bird's hollow bones serve this function that helps with flight.
What is reducing weight (or making them lighter)?
This dome-shaped sheet of muscle creates negative pressure to pull air into the lungs.
What is the diaphragm?
This system includes the kidneys and helps maintain water and electrolyte balance through osmoregulation.
What is the excretory system (or urinary system)?
When cells of the same type work together, they form this level of organization.
What are tissues?
This type of feedback loop helps the body detect changes and make adjustments to restore balance.
What is negative feedback?
Long, sharp, pointed teeth in predators serve this primary function.
What is tearing or ripping meat (or capturing prey)?
The delicate, thin-walled structures within the lungs that facilitate gas diffusion.
What are alveoli?
This system includes the stomach, intestines, and specialized cells that secrete enzymes to break down food.
What is the digestive system?
Multiple organs working together form this level of biological organization.
What is an organ system?
The immune system uses these two main types of defense: innate immunity and this highly specific type.
What is adaptive immunity?
Plants with wide, dark green, thick leaves are adapted for this function.
What is maximizing photosynthesis (or absorbing sunlight)?
These functional units of the kidney work together to maintain water and electrolyte balance.
What are nephrons?
The brain and spinal cord make up this division of the nervous system that processes information.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
In complex organisms, cells become this, meaning each type has a unique structure for a specific function
What is specialized?
These automatic reactions to stimuli happen without thinking and help protect the body by acting quickly.
What are reflexes?