Types of Structures
Define a solid structure and give an example.
A solid structure is solid all the way through or has gaps like caves. Example: A mountain.
Define static load and give an example.
A static load is the constant weight of a structure due to gravity. Example: The weight of a roof.
What is a beam, and how is it used in structures?
A beam is a flat structural component supported at each end. It is used to support loads, like in an outdoor deck.
What is the form and function of the Eiffel Tower?
The form is a tall iron lattice tower, and its function was to demonstrate engineering innovation and serve as an observation tower.
What is the center of gravity, and why is it important for structures?
The center of gravity is the point where an object's weight is balanced. It is crucial for stability in structures.
What is a shell structure? Provide an example.
A shell structure is hollow inside and encloses a space. Example: An igloo or an egg.
What is a dynamic load? Provide an example.
A dynamic load is a moving or changing force acting on a structure. Example: A truck driving over a bridge
What makes an I-beam stronger than a regular beam?
An I-beam has a shape that distributes weight more efficiently, making it lighter yet stronger than a regular beam.
How does the Great Wall of China serve as a structure?
Its form is a long, solid wall, and its function is to provide defense and divide territories
Define structural fatigue and its impact on materials.
Structural fatigue occurs when repeated stress causes cracks or weakening over time, potentially leading to failure.
What is a combination structure? Why is a house an example?
A combination structure includes solid, frame, and shell elements. A house is an example because it uses a frame for support, solid walls for strength, and a hollow interior (shell) for living space.
What is tension, and where might you find it in a structure?
Tension is a force that stretches or pulls apart. Example: A cable in a suspension bridge.
What is a truss, and why is it important in structural design?
A truss is a series of interlocking triangles that provide strength and stability to a structure.
Why is the Sydney Opera House a combination structure?
It combines shell (the roof), frame (supporting beams), and solid (foundation) elements
Explain the concept of point of application with an example
The point of application is where a force is applied to a structure. Example: Pushing a door to open it.
Classify and provide examples of solid, frame, and shell structures.
Solid: Mountain, brick wall.
Frame: Bicycle, scaffolding.
Shell: Igloo, egg.
Explain the difference between compression and shear forces.
Compression is a squeezing force (e.g., the weight of a roof pressing down on walls), while shear forces act in opposite directions (e.g., wind pulling a structure in different directions).
Describe the role of columns in supporting a structure.
Columns are vertical supports that transfer weight from above to the ground. Example: Columns in the Pantheon.
What forces must the Golden Gate Bridge endure daily?
It endures tension in its cables, compression in its towers, and dynamic loads from wind and traffic.
How do triangles make structures stronger?
Triangles distribute forces evenly across all sides, providing stability and strength.
Explain how the form and function of a bird’s nest meet its purpose.
The form of a bird's nest (round and compact) provides protection and insulation, while its function is to house and protect eggs and young birds.
What is torsion, and how does it affect structures?
Torsion is a twisting force. It can cause materials to deform or weaken, like twisting a metal beam.
Explain how arches distribute weight effectively.
Arches distribute weight evenly along their curve, channeling the force down to the ground.
How do structural engineers ensure the longevity of the Pyramids of Giza?
By designing a strong, stable base, using durable materials like limestone, and accounting for static loads.
What are the main factors that contribute to the longevity of a structure?
Proper design, quality materials, regular maintenance, and consideration of forces acting on the structure.