Types of Research
Research approach used to determine the meaning of past events with records review, interviews, and literature reviews.
What is a historical study?
Conducts an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or situation.
What is a case study?
In clinical studies, the variable that is being tested. Defines the outcome or effect of the study.
What is the dependent variable?
Every possible subject is selected independently and has an equal chance of being selected.
What is a random sample?
p < 0.05
When results obtained are reported as statistically significant?
Research approach used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships. It involves the manipulation of a variable.
What is an experimental or prospective study?
Studies the same population over an extended period of time.
What is a prospective cohort or longitudinal study?
A version of a proposed study that is carried out on a small, sometimes intentionally chosen sample to work out any unforeseen errors in the overall plan.
What is a piolet study?
Study participants are chosen based on availability. Introduces bias.
What is convenience sampling?
Comparison of two sets of data, but no indication of a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is a correlational study?
Research that approximates a true experimental approach but lacks the control of a true experiment.
What is a quasi-experimental study?
Combines descriptive and historical research to establish patterns from the past and present in order to predict future occurrences.
What is a trend study?
In clinical studies, the variable that is being manipulated. Presumed it caused the change.
What is the independent variable?
Every nth member of the population from a list or file of the total population is selected.
What is systematic sampling?
Period of time in research with no treatment.
What is a washout period?
Research that describes or identifies current situations. There are a variety of methods.
What is a descriptive study?
To investigate existing differences to determine a possible cause. Independent variable is not manipulated.
What is a retrospective, casual comparative, or ex post facto study?
What is a placebo?
Study participants are randomly selected from an existing, known subdivided population. Most representative sample for a heterogeneous population.
What is a stratified random sample?
The degree to which the research study measures what is was intended to measure.
What is validity?
The practice of dentistry that integrates the best available scientific evidence with the provider's expertise and patient's needs and preferences.
What is Evidence Based Dentistry (EBD)?
To study cross section of a population in limited period of time.
What is a cross-sectional study?
A study where the subjects and the investigators don't know who is in the control or independent variable group.
What is a double-blind study?
Study participants are chosen by the researcher or someone else who has knowledge of the population.
What is a judgement or purposive sample?
Initial negative statement of belief about the value of a population parameter, for example, that two groups do not differ in as to a variable.
What is a null hypotheses?