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100
What is the significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Segregation of students by race ruled unconstitutional; children deprived of educational opportunity. Effectively ended "separate but equal"" schools for white and black pupils. Used as a precedent for arguing that children with disabilities cannot be excluded from a public education.
100
What does the term "mainstreaming" mean, within the context of special education?
An early term for the practice of integrating students with special needs into a general education classroom for all or part of the day.
100
What doe the term "regular education initiative" mean?
An approach that advocates that general educators assume greater responsibility for the education of students with disabilities.
100
What does the term assessment mean, within the context of the book?
The process of gathering information and identifying a student's strengths and needs through a variety of instruments and products; data used in making decisions.
100
What doe the term "norm-referenced assessments" mean?
Standardized tests on which a pupil's performance is compared to that of his or her peers.
200
What is the significance of Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania?
State must guarantee a free and appropriate public education to ALL children with intellectual disability ages 6-21, regardless of degree of impairment or associated disabilities. Students to be placed in the most integrated environment. Definition of education expanded. Established the right for parents to participate in educational decisions affecting their children. State to engage in extensive efforts to locate and serve ("child-find") all students with intellectual disability. Preschool services to be provided to youngsters with intellectual disability if local school district serves pre-schoolers who do not have intellectual disability.
200
What does pre-referral intervention mean?
Instructional or behavioral strategies introduced by a general educator to assist students experiencing difficulty; designed to minimize inappropriate referrals for special education.
200
What does the term "criterion referenced assessments" mean?
An assessment procedure in which a student's performance is compared to a particular level of mastery.
200
What does the term "child-find" mean?
A function of each state, mandated by federal law, to locate and refer individuals who might require special education.
200
Within the context of the book, what is the definition of a multidisciplinary team?
A group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but perform their roles independent of one another.
300
What does interindividual differences mean?
Differences between two or more persons in a particular area.
300
What does the term "full inclusion" mean?
An interpretation of the principle of least restrictive environment advocating that ALL pupils with disabilities be educated in the general education classroom.
300
How do norm-referenced and criterion referenced tests differ?
Norm-referenced tests provide the evaluator with an indication of the pupil's performance relative to other individuals with a similar chronological age. Limited instructional information. Criterion-referenced tests are associated with intraindividual differences and can provide data that are useful for instructional planning. Teachers are concerned with a pupil's pattern of strengths and needs rather than how the student compares to his or her classmates (pg 60).
300
What does the term referral mean, within the context of special education?
A formal request by a teacher or parent that a student be evaluated for special education services.
300
WHat is the significance of: Larry P. v. Riles?
African American students could not be placed in classes for children with mild intellectual disability solely on the basis of IQ assessments found to be culturally and racially biased. The court instructed officials to develop an assessment process that would not discriminate against minority children. RUling applies only to the state of California.
400
What ages does an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) cover?
The IFSP was originally conceived to focus on children younger than age 3 but recent changes in thinking now allow this document to be used with preschoolers who require a special education (p 65).
400
How do pre-referral interventions benefit the student suspected of requiring a special education?
Reduces unwarranted referrals; Provides individualized assistance to the student without the need of special education; Results in shared responsibility and joint decision-making.
400
What does intraindividual differences mean?
Differences within the individual; unique patterns of strengths and weaknesses.
400
What does the term "least restrictive environment" mean?
A relative concept individually determined for each student; principle that each student should be educated , to the maximum extent appropriate, with classmates who are typical.
400
What is the significance of: Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley?
First U.S. Supreme Court interpretation of PL-94-142. Addressed the issue of what an "appropriate" education for a student with a hearing impairment making satisfactory progress. Supreme court ruled that an appropriate education does not necessarily mean an education that will allow for the maximum possible achievement; rather, students must be given a reasonable opportunity to learn. Parent's request for a sign language interpreter, therefore, was denied. An appropriate education ins not synonymous with an optimal educational experience.
500
What is the now common name for PL 94-142?
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; p 45).
500
What was the purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Parallels Section 504 and forbids discrimination against persons with disabilities in both the public and private sectors (p 53).
500
What is the significance of: Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education?
First Circuit of Appeals ruled that a segregated class was an appropriate placement for a student with Down Syndrome. Preference for integrated placement was secondary to an appropriate education.
500
Name the six different components of PL 94-142.
A free and appropriate education (FAPE) The least restrictive environment (LRE) An individualized education program (IEP) Procedural due process Nondiscriminatory assessment Parental participation (p45-46).
500
TOUGH QUESTION! On what date was Public Law 94-142 signed into effect?
November 29, 1975 (by Gerald Ford; p45).
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