Study Design Basics
What is the term for a study that observes subjects without intervention?
What is an observational study?
What does an RCT determine?
A study that analyzes data from a population at one point in time
What is a cross-sectional study?
This occurs when participants drop out of a study in a non-random manner
What is attrition bias?
The process of randomly assigning participants to different treatment groups
What is randomization?
This type of study follows participants over time to assess exposures and outcomes.
What is a cohort study?
In a double-blind study, who is unaware of the treatment assignment?
What are both the participants and the researchers?
A study that uses existing data to examine past events or exposures.
What is a retrospective study?
A common bias in case-control studies where exposure recall is different between groups
What is recall bias?
The key ethical principle ensuring participants provide informed agreement before a study
What is informed consent?
This study compares individuals with a condition to those without it, looking for past exposures.
What is a case-control study?
This type of study only looks at one time point.
What is a cross-sectional study?
This study design follows a group with a common exposure to determine future health outcomes.
What is a prospective cohort study?
The extent to which a study’s findings can be generalized to other settings
What is external validity?
The term for studies that combine data from multiple research papers to draw conclusions
What is a meta-analysis?
A study where researchers manipulate an independent variable to determine its effect on an outcome.
What is an experimental study?
A study in which participants receive both the treatment and placebo at different times
What is a crossover study?
This study examines disease patterns and causes within a specific population
What is an epidemiological study?
The error introduced when selection criteria affect the comparability of study groups
What is selection bias?
The difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis.
What is a meta-analysis includes statistical data synthesis?
The gold standard of study design.
What is an RCT?
What type of control is used when each participant serves as their own control?
What is a within-subjects design?
What is an example of an observational study?
This type of bias occurs when a third variable influences both the exposure and outcome
What is confounding?
A study that gathers and synthesizes qualitative data from multiple sources.
What is a qualitative systematic review?