Respiration bas
What is another way of referring to 'breathing'?
Respiration
What are the two divisions of the respiratory system?
Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
Name one abdominal wall muscle that aids in forced expiration.
Rectus abdominis
Describe the movement of the diaphragm during inspiration.
It contracts and flattens, increasing thoracic volume
What is dyspnea and how does it affect speech?
It is uncomfortable breathing that shortens phrases and increases breath effort
What are the two primary muscles responsible for normal inhalation?
The diaphragm and the external intercostals
Which structure connects the larynx to the bronchi?
The trachea
Which intercostal muscles assist with inspiration?
External intercostals
What type of rib movement increases the front-to-back dimension of the chest?
Pump-handle movement
How does complexity of a sentence affect speech breathing?
It increases pauses, breath frequency, or lung volume use
What happens to the air pressure within the lungs during inhalation?
It decreases, allowing air to flow in
What tiny air sacs are the site of gas exchange in the lungs?
Alveoli
Which intercostal muscles assist with expiration?
Internal intercostals
What type of rib movement increases the side-to-side dimension of the chest?
Bucket-handle movement
Why is control of expiration important for speech?
It regulates airflow and pressure for clear phonation
What law explains the relationship between lung volume and air pressure?
Boyle’s Law
What are the two components of the breathing apparatus?
The pulmonary apparatus and the chest wall
Name one accessory muscle that helps elevate the rib cage during deep inspiration.
Sternocleidomastoid
Where does passive force in breathing come from?
The natural elastic recoil of the lungs, chest wall, and abdominal wall
Which muscles are especially important for speech-related expiration?
Abdominal wall muscles
What is the difference between inspiration and expiration?
Inspiration is the process of taking air into the lungs (usually active), while expiration is the process of expelling air from the lungs (passive at rest, active during speech or exertion).
What is the name of the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
The diaphragm
Which group of muscles contract to force air out during coughing or blowing?
Abdominal muscles
What is the difference between inspiration and expiration?
Inspiration draws air in (active); expiration pushes air out (passive or active).
What is the difference between tidal breathing and speech breathing?
Tidal is quiet, automatic breathing; speech breathing is controlled for talking.