The evolution of Cities
Sometimes called a world city, this type of city occupies an influential position within the global economic system. Examples: London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo.
What is a Global City?
Low-density residential developments beyond the edge of service and employment areas, moving further away from a central urban core city.
What is Sprawl?
A city that is built circularly outward from central area containing important buildings with a defensive wall, gates and access points.
What is a Radiocentric City?
Co-Author of the "Communist Manifesto" with Friedrich Engles.
Who is Karl Max?
During this "Era," what become the United States consisted of small cities in size and population, most with irregular street patterns and separate trade agreements with the West Indies (Caribbean) and European nations.
What is the Colonial Era?
The evolution of social structure and rise of civilization due to the prevalence of the agricultural revolution (planting crops and breeding animals in one place) generally is believed to have taken place at this time.
What is the end of the last glacial period (or 10,000 years ago)?
Uptowns are built on top of pre-automobile settlements and old town incorporated into a larger, newer suburban area. Boomers (traditional Edge cities) are typical suburbs located at the intersection of two major highways, with generally no central downtown. Greenfields are master-planned city on thousands of farmland acres, Ex. Irvine or Otay Ranch. Generally Common Interest Developments (CID) with HOAs and additional taxes.
A city that uses straight, directional streets crossing at right angles that are open ended and accessible. This design facilitates movement and an efficient way to divide land.
What is the Gridiron City?
Coined the terms "Gemeinschaft," representing a traditional rural environment culture, and "Gesellschaft," representing an urban environment culture.
Who is Ferdinand Tonnies?
During this "Era," the United States was in the midst of the "Industrial Revolution" and created the first planned industrial city, Paterson, New Jersey.
What is the Growth and Expansion Era?
When two or more metropolitan areas expand so that they intermingle with one another to form a continuous (or almost continuous) urban complex.
What is a Megaregion?
An initiative to protect land from development or control development by municipalities, counties and states by not allowing development outside a metropolitan area to protect farms, wildlife, and promote growth within the urban core.
What is an Urban Growth Boundary?
An urban ecology theory whereupon the diversification of modern cities causes the development of distinct areas and the need for specialized facilities and neighborhoods associated with them. For example, the annexation of smaller cities into the larger cities creates diverse central points.
What is Multiple Nuclei Theory?
Task Specialization, Hierarchical Authority, Rules and requirements, Formal selection and impersonal approach, and career orientation.
What is Bureaucratic Management Principles?
During this "Era," the United States saw more than 20 million foreign-born predominantly Catholic Europeans immigrate to larger, industrial cities primarily from Ireland, Italy, Canada (Quebec), and Southern or Eastern European Nations.
What is the Era of The Great Metropolis?
U.S. Cenus Bureau term for adjacent urban areas with populations ranging from 2,500 to 49,999 that extend across city, county, or state boundaries (conurbation).
What is an Urban Cluster?
Local governments competing for resources with a lack of a regional government network or cooperative infrastructure.
What is Political Fragmentation?
A computer-based method of creating colorful graphic overlays on geography and maps to facilitate data gathering, transformation, manipulation, and analysis.
What is a "Geographic Information System" (or GIS)?
Stated that a city must contain a fortification, a market, and a count of its own.
Who is Max Weber?
The FHA (1934), ______, and Unions helped to create a growing middle-class, thereby increasing demand for single-family homes and the creation of many new suburbs.
What is the G.I. Bill?
The criteria for defining an urban area based on the existence of paved streets, water and sewer, and electrical systems.
What is the functional nature?
A node (central area) connecting light rail, bus, and other transportation with pedestrian paths surrounded by high density mixed-used housing, retail and office spaces.
What is a Transit Mobility Hub?
A city planning concept strongly reinforced by the recommendation of the Institute of Transportation Engineering (ITE, formed in 1931) to discourage 4-way (thru) streets in neighborhoods and increase safety. ITE encouraged narrower loops and cul-de-sacs to slow traffic and require less paving (cheaper) around a central public school.
What is the "Neighborhood Unit" concept?
According to Herbert Gans, these are highly educated urban citizens who experience a wide range of activities, experiences, social contacts, and fell they belong more to the world than any specific area or culture.
Who are Cosmopolites?
A spiraling situation where a city loses employers, wealthy and middle-class people move elsewhere, and property values and the local tax base decrease substantially, thereby negatively affecting public school and infrastructure quality.
What is the "Blight Cycle"