Lab 4
What are the four Challenges of Terrestrial Life during plant evolution?
Maintain water
Obtaining resources
Support
Reproduction & dispersal of offspring
What are the differences between Pterophytes vs GYMNOSPERMS & ANGIOSPERMS
-Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are PROTECTED from desiccation and damage.
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- Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are dominant sporophytes, and are microscopic gametophytes enclosed in sporophyte.
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-Pterophytes require for water sexual reproduction.
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-Pterophytes Release spores to germinate into the next generation gametophyte.
What are some of a Root Functions qualities?
Absorption
Anchoring
Storage
Vegetative reproduction & competition
Name three Seedless Non-Vascular Plants/The Bryophytes
True mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts
Reproductive chamber means _______ (female organ) or _____ (male organ)
Archegonia (Fem) Antheridia (Male)
What are the Plant Kingdoms – Four Main Groups
Nonvascular plants - Bryophytes
Seedless vascular – Lycophytes & Pterophytes (Monilophyte)
Naked seed plants - Gymnosperms
Flowering Plants - Angiosperms
What are some Eudicot Characteristics?
-have two cotyledons or seed leaves
-have flower parts in multiples of four or five
-have leaf veins forming a netlike array or pattern
-have vascular bundles throughout the ground tissue
-have taproots that are long
What are Adventitious roots and what are some of their qualities?
Not true roots.
Able to form from other parts of the plant.
Gives the plant an advantage, improves their chances of growth & survival.
What does Gymnosperm mean?
Gymnosperm means “naked seed”
What does Ploidy mean?
Ploidy means either haploid (n) or diploid (2n)
What is the difference between Mitosis Vs Meiosis
Meiosis has a change in ploidy. (2N to 1N)
Mitosis has NO change in ploidy.
(2N to 2N) OR (1N to 1N)
What are some Monocot Characteristics?
-Have a single cotyledon (a leaf-like structure that nourishes the plant embryo)
-Have flower parts in threes or multiples of threes
-Have leaf veins running parallel to one another
-Have vascular bundles (that make up the veins) throughout the ground tissue of the plant
-Have a fibrous root system
-What is the purpose of a long tap root?
-In what environment would you expect to find small compound leaves?
-To reach a water table deep below ground.
-dry, hot, plenty of incoming energy (solar)
Name 1 Gymnosperm
Pinecones or Ginkgo biloba
What do flowers ensure?
What does fruit ensure?
Flowers ensure pollination & protect the developing embryo.
Fruit covers & protects seed also part of seed dispersal strategy.
What are some qualities of Vascular Seedless Plants.
True leaves, stems and roots
Produce spores not seeds
Alternation of Generation life cycle
Diploid sporophytes
Haploid gametophyte – Free living organism
1.What is a complete flower?
2.What is a perfect flower?
1.Have all four main components: sepals, petals, pistils and stamens
2.Male and female structures
Simple fruit and Aggregate fruits have single flowers which produce 1 fruit.
T or F
T
-Pores in the cuticle, called _____, allow leaves to exchange gases with the atmosphere.
-_____ surround each stoma and control its opening and closing
-Stomata
-Guard Cells
Gymnosperms have their Mature ovules divide to form a megagametophyte T or F?
What are some qualities of Marchantia's?
Rhizoids that anchor it in place (like a root)
Mostly tropical
Gametophyte grows out of sporophyte, but is not reliant on sporophyte
Flowers are specific to ________ and consist of ___ and ___ parts
Angiosperms / male and female parts
What are the three Dry Fruit Classifications?
Legume, Capsule, and Follicle.
What is Seed Dormancy?
When a seed delays germination until favorable environmental conditions are present for seed germination and seedling growth.
What are some examples Fibrous Roots?
Leak,Grasses,Corn.